Abdul-Rahman Toufik, Faith Ogungbemi Evelyn, Ajetunmobi Oyinbolaji Akinwande, Thaalibi Hala Ibrahim, Ikele Chinelo Geraldine, Gautam Gargi, Omotayo Faith Olanrewaju, Roy Poulami, Adebayo Alhazan Amir, Mojeed Muslimat Abolore, Kareem Tolulope Taiwo, Ali Halima Ibrahim, Atieno Rebecca Grace, Ademeta Esther Oluwafeyisayo, Garg Neil, Ashinze Patrick, Scott Godfred Yawson
Department of Research, Toufik's World Organization, Sumy, Ukraine.
Department of Public and International Affairs, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria.
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2025 Jul 10;87(9):5650-5660. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000003558. eCollection 2025 Sep.
In 2022, the presumption of monkeypox (mpox) to be of limited epidemiology shifted when a global outbreak was announced. Being a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae family, it'd been reported in over 82 countries with over 17 000 confirmed cases by July 2022, thus showing its capability for spreading rapidly. As the smallpox vaccine offers 85% cross-immunity against mpox, the outbreak highlighted the attenuation of global immunity against orthopoxviruses after the cessation of vaccination campaigns against smallpox. The mortality of this virus is higher in vulnerable populations such as children, pregnant women, the elderly, and immunosuppressed individuals. With treatment methods being limited to off-label use of antivirals, the need for urgent and efficient preventative measures is emphasized. At present, JYNNEOS (Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic), showing favorable safety, and ACAM2000, a live attenuated virus with a high risk of side effects, are two vaccines that are indicated for mpox immunization. However, neither of them has proven full safety, efficacy, and widespread accessibility against mpox. Hence, the use of mRNA vaccines has emerged as a better alternative to traditional vaccinations, as they leverage synthetic messenger RNA to instruct host cells to produce antigens, eliciting both humoral and cellular immune responses. Though they provided rapid scalability, adaptability to emerging viral variants, and an established safety profile after the COVID-19 pandemic, their usage in preventing mpox remains an area of research. This paper elucidates the potential of mRNA technology to address the unmet needs in mpox prevention. It also highlights the need for genomic surveillance, immunological insights, and innovative delivery systems.
2022年，当宣布全球猴痘疫情爆发时，人们对猴痘流行病学影响有限的推测发生了转变。猴痘属于痘病毒科正痘病毒属，截至2022年7月，已在82个以上国家报告，确诊病例超过17000例，显示出其快速传播的能力。由于天花疫苗对猴痘有85%的交叉免疫作用，此次疫情凸显了天花疫苗接种运动停止后，全球对正痘病毒免疫力的减弱。这种病毒在儿童、孕妇、老年人和免疫抑制个体等弱势群体中的死亡率更高。由于治疗方法仅限于抗病毒药物的非标签使用，因此强调了迫切需要采取高效的预防措施。目前，显示出良好安全性的JYNNEOS（安卡拉痘苗病毒-巴伐利亚北欧公司）和有高副作用风险的减毒活病毒ACAM2000是两种被指定用于猴痘免疫的疫苗。然而，它们都没有被证明对猴痘具有完全的安全性、有效性和广泛的可及性。因此，mRNA疫苗的使用已成为传统疫苗接种的更好替代方案，因为它们利用合成信使RNA指导宿主细胞产生抗原，引发体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。尽管它们在新冠疫情后提供了快速的可扩展性、对新出现病毒变种的适应性以及既定的安全性，但它们在预防猴痘方面的应用仍是一个研究领域。本文阐述了mRNA技术在满足猴痘预防未满足需求方面的潜力。它还强调了基因组监测、免疫学见解和创新递送系统的必要性。
