Ma Yongye, Yan Ruixiang, Li Yueming, Li Duanying, Sun Xiaoning, Chen Tao, Liu Xingyu
School of Athletic Training, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Badminton Technical and Tactical Analysis and Diagnostic Laboratory, National Academy of Badminton, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Aug 18;12:1640858. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1640858. eCollection 2025.
A growing body of evidence confirms that nutritional supplementation strategies combined with resistance training can enhance muscle strength and mass in older adults. However, the optimal supplementation approach remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of different nutritional interventions combined with resistance training on muscle strength and mass in healthy older adults and determine the optimal strategy.
A systematic search was performed across three major biomedical databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EMbase) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of nutritional supplementation combined with resistance training on muscle strength and mass in healthy older adults. A total of 19 eligible RCTs were included. The search covered literature from database inception to April 2025. Two researchers independently screened studies against predefined eligibility criteria and assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Stata 18.0 was used to conduct network meta-analysis.
Compared with resistance training alone, protein supplementation combined with resistance training significantly enhanced muscle strength [Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20,0.69; surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) = 98.7%] and muscle mass [Mean Difference (MD) = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.04,0.70],whereas creatine supplementation demonstrated non-significant effects on muscle strength versus training alone (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.35,0.42) but yielded the most pronounced improvement in muscle mass (MD = 2.18, 95%CI: 0.92,3.44; SUCRA = 99.9%), outperforming both protein and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) interventions, with HMB supplementation critically failing to demonstrate significant benefits for muscle strength (SMD = -0.22, 95%CI: -0.57,0.12) or mass outcomes (MD = 0.05, 95%CI: -0.33,0.44).
越来越多的证据证实，营养补充策略与抗阻训练相结合可以增强老年人的肌肉力量和肌肉量。然而，最佳的补充方法仍不明确。本研究旨在评估不同营养干预措施与抗阻训练相结合对健康老年人肌肉力量和肌肉量的比较疗效，并确定最佳策略。
在三个主要生物医学数据库（PubMed、Web of Science和EMbase）中进行系统检索，以识别调查营养补充与抗阻训练相结合对健康老年人肌肉力量和肌肉量影响的随机对照试验（RCT）。共纳入19项符合条件的RCT。检索涵盖了从数据库建立到2025年4月的文献。两名研究人员根据预先定义的纳入标准独立筛选研究，并使用Cochrane偏倚风险工具评估方法学质量。使用Stata 18.0进行网络荟萃分析。
与单独进行抗阻训练相比，补充蛋白质与抗阻训练相结合显著增强了肌肉力量[标准化均数差（SMD）=0.45，95%置信区间（CI）：0.20，0.69；累积排序曲线下面积（SUCRA）=98.7%]和肌肉量[均数差（MD）=0.37，95%CI：0.04，0.70]，而补充肌酸与单独训练相比对肌肉力量无显著影响（SMD=0.03，95%CI：-0.35，0.42），但在肌肉量方面改善最为显著（MD=2.18，95%CI：0.92，3.44；SUCRA=99.9%），优于蛋白质和β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸（HMB）干预措施，补充HMB在肌肉力量（SMD=-0.22，95%CI：-0.57，0.12）或肌肉量结果（MD=0.05，95%CI：-0.33，0.44）方面均未显示出显著益处。
