He Chenjie, Chen Yuhong, Yang Yin, Han Peiyu, Kong Wei, Wu Song, Long Yun, Zhao Junying, Yang Ze, Wang Bo, Zhang Yunzhi
Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.
Key Laboratory for Cross-Border Control and Quarantine of Zoonoses in Universities of Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan, China.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2025 Aug 25;2025:5517852. doi: 10.1155/tbed/5517852. eCollection 2025.
are parasitic pathogens that infect many mammals, including humans, and cause significant diseases. This study investigates the presence, genetic diversity, and tissue tropism of in bats and their ectoparasites along the China-Myanmar border. Bats and ectoparasites were collected from Yingjiang, Ruili, and Gengma Counties. Nested PCR (nPCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) were used to detect and quantify in bat tissues. was isolated using brain-heart infusion broth and tryptone soy agar medium containing 5% sheep blood (TSA containing 5% sheep blood), and DNA sequences were analyzed with Clustal W and MEGA X. In total, 601 bats from 11 species (four families and seven genera) and 32 ectoparasites (two orders, three families, and four genera) were collected. The qPCR results revealed detection rates of 22.96% (138/601) in bats and 62.50% (5/8) in ectoparasites. Using nPCR to detect the and genes in bats, ectoparasites, and strains isolated from bat blood samples, yielding 58 and 10 strains, respectively. When comparing bats, ectoparasites, and isolated strains to other in GenBank, the gene was 74.21%-100.00% at the nucleotide level of similarity and 75.70%-100.00% at the amino acid level. In comparison, the gene was 79.58%-100.00% at the nucleotide level of similarity and 89.71%-100.00% at the amino acid level. By phylogenetic analysis except for sp. and uncultured sp., we found a clade that was less than 96.0% at the nucleotide level of similarity in the gene and less than 95.4% at the nucleotide level of similarity in the gene. Based on the threshold values for the delineation of new species of , we believe that a new species of prevalent in bats was discovered in this study, which we named "". Otherwise, the average copy number of in bat tissues (blood, spleen, heart, brain, kidney, lung, liver, and rectum) ranged from 1.15 × 10 to 6.87 × 10 copies/μL, with the highest levels observed in blood and spleen. Our findings highlight the genetic diversity of in bats and ectoparasites along the China-Myanmar border and underscore potential public health risks associated with these pathogens.
是感染包括人类在内的许多哺乳动物并引发严重疾病的寄生性病原体。本研究调查了中国 - 缅甸边境蝙蝠及其体外寄生虫中该病原体的存在情况、遗传多样性和组织嗜性。从盈江县、瑞丽市和耿马县采集了蝙蝠和体外寄生虫。采用巢式PCR（nPCR）和定量实时PCR（qPCR）检测和定量蝙蝠组织中的该病原体。使用脑心浸液肉汤和含5%羊血的胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基（含5%羊血的TSA）分离该病原体，并使用Clustal W和MEGA X分析DNA序列。总共采集了11种（4科7属）的601只蝙蝠和32种体外寄生虫（2目3科4属）。qPCR结果显示，蝙蝠中的检出率为22.96%（138/601），体外寄生虫中的检出率为62.50%（5/8）。使用nPCR检测蝙蝠、体外寄生虫以及从蝙蝠血样中分离的菌株中的该病原体和该病原体基因，分别得到58株和10株。将蝙蝠、体外寄生虫和分离菌株与GenBank中的其他该病原体进行比较时，该病原体基因在核苷酸水平的相似度为74.21% - 100.00%，在氨基酸水平为75.70% - 100.00%。相比之下，该病原体基因在核苷酸水平的相似度为79.58% - 100.00%，在氨基酸水平为89.71% - 100.00%。通过系统发育分析，除了某物种和未培养的某物种外，我们发现一个分支在该病原体基因的核苷酸水平相似度低于96.0%，在该病原体基因的核苷酸水平相似度低于95.4%。基于该病原体新物种界定的阈值，我们认为本研究中发现了一种在蝙蝠中普遍存在的该病原体新物种，我们将其命名为“”。此外，蝙蝠组织（血液、脾脏、心脏、大脑、肾脏、肺、肝脏和直肠）中该病原体的平均拷贝数范围为1.15×10至6.87×10拷贝/μL，在血液和脾脏中观察到的水平最高。我们的研究结果突出了中国 - 缅甸边境蝙蝠和体外寄生虫中该病原体的遗传多样性，并强调了与这些病原体相关的潜在公共卫生风险。
