A review of magnetic particles as separation tools in electrochemical detection of Biomarkers: Insights from COVID-19.

BACKGROUND

Magnetic particles (MPs) are widely used in bioanalytical systems to quickly separate specific targets from complex samples using a magnetic field. MPs can be easily functionalized with bioreceptors to capture, separate, and concentrate biomarkers like proteins, oligonucleotides, and cells. Combining MPs-separation capabilities with electrochemical sensors can greatly enhance the sensitivity of these devices, helping achieve ultralow limits of detection for biomarkers. Thus, MPs-based electrochemical bioassays have led to the development of highly sensitive and selective detection platforms for biomedical applications, with promising results for early disease diagnosis.

RESULTS

Herein, we present a comprehensive critical review on the use of MPs for biomarker detection in complex samples by combining magnetophoretic force and electrochemical biosensing. MPs-based bioassays have been widely applied for the separation and detection of a broad spectrum of clinically significant biomarkers. We explored different strategies for using MPs for biomarker separation from complex biological samples and their integration with electrochemical platforms to achieve highly sensitive and selective analytical methods for application in clinical diagnosis.

SIGNIFICANCE

This review highlights the recent research on MPs-based electrochemical assays for ultrasensitive biomarker detection in complex samples. These findings suggest that MP-based electrochemical biosensing offers a cost-effective and straightforward option for developing point-of-care devices for the detection of diagnostic biomarkers. The key aspects involving the use of MPs in electrochemical bioassays are broadly discussed, which may benefit researchers interested in this field.