Zhang Kui, Wang Yu, Shu Zhilong, Huang Ying, Feng Lixiang, Yang Wenxing
Department of Forensic Pathology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Depress Anxiety. 2025 Aug 26;2025:2168791. doi: 10.1155/da/2168791. eCollection 2025.
Smoking during pregnancy is known to adversely affect offspring health; however, the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of depression and anxiety in offspring remains inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify this relationship. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and OVID databases for articles published between 2000 and 2024. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association. A total of 11 studies involving 1,775,220 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09-1.63). Stratified analysis by cigaret consumption dose showed that heavy maternal smoking (≥ 10 cigarets/day) further increased the risk of both depression (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.21-2.14) and anxiety (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.32-1.72) in offspring. In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides evidence that maternal smoking during pregnancy may elevate the risk of depression and anxiety in offspring, particularly with heavy smoking. Preventing maternal smoking and reducing exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy could have significant benefits for offspring mental health and well-being.
众所周知，孕期吸烟会对后代健康产生不利影响；然而，孕期母亲吸烟与后代抑郁和焦虑风险之间的关联仍不一致。这项荟萃分析旨在阐明这种关系。我们在PubMed、Web of Science和OVID数据库中进行了系统检索，以查找2000年至2024年发表的文章。采用比值比（OR）及95%置信区间（CI）来评估这种关联。共有11项研究涉及1,775,220名参与者，符合纳入标准。荟萃分析显示，孕期母亲吸烟与后代抑郁风险增加显著相关（OR = 1.33，95% CI = 1.09 - 1.63）。按香烟消费剂量进行的分层分析表明，母亲大量吸烟（≥10支/天）会进一步增加后代抑郁（OR = 1.61，95% CI = 1.21 - 2.14）和焦虑（OR = 1.51，95% CI = 1.32 - 1.72）的风险。总之，这项荟萃分析提供了证据，表明孕期母亲吸烟可能会增加后代抑郁和焦虑的风险，尤其是大量吸烟的情况。预防孕期母亲吸烟并减少孕期接触烟草烟雾，可能会对后代的心理健康和幸福产生重大益处。
