Ramzan Muhammad Naeem, Shen Ding, Wei Yingzhen, Raza Bilal, Yuan Hongmei, Emmanuel Arslan, Mushtaq Zulqarnain, Zheng Zhongming
School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
Ningbo China Institute for Supply Chain Innovation-MIT Global Scale Network, Ningbo 315066, China.
Biology (Basel). 2025 Jul 30;14(8):959. doi: 10.3390/biology14080959.
This study addresses the understanding of fungal diversity and their bioremediation roles in an integrated aquaculture wastewater bioremediation system, an area less explored compared to bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Despite the rapid advancement and affordability of molecular tools, insights into fungal communities remain vague, and interpreting environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner continues to pose challenges. To bridge this knowledge gap, we developed an integrated aquaculture wastewater bioremediation system, incorporating photosynthetic bacteria, and utilizing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing to analyze fungal community composition. Our findings indicate that the fungal community in aquaculture wastewater is predominantly composed of the phyla Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota, with dominant genera including , , and . FUNGuild, a user-friendly trait and character database operating at the genus level, facilitated the ecological interpretation of fungal functional groups. The analysis revealed significant negative correlations between nutrient levels (COD, NH-N, NO-N, NO-N, and PO-P) and specific fungal functional groups, including epiphytes, animal pathogens, dung saprotrophs, plant pathogens, and ectomycorrhizal fungi. The removal rate for the COD, NH-N, NO-N, NO-N, and PO-P were 71.42, 91.37, 88.80, 87.20, and 91.72% respectively. This study highlights the potential role of fungal communities in bioremediation processes and provides a framework for further ecological interpretation in aquaculture wastewater treatment systems.
本研究旨在了解综合水产养殖废水生物修复系统中的真菌多样性及其生物修复作用，与细菌、病毒和原生动物相比，该领域的探索较少。尽管分子工具发展迅速且价格低廉，但对真菌群落的认识仍然模糊，以生态有意义的方式解读环境研究仍然面临挑战。为了弥补这一知识差距，我们开发了一种综合水产养殖废水生物修复系统，纳入光合细菌，并利用内部转录间隔区（ITS）测序分析真菌群落组成。我们的研究结果表明，水产养殖废水中的真菌群落主要由子囊菌门和壶菌门组成，优势属包括 、 和 。FUNGuild是一个在属水平上运行的用户友好型性状和特征数据库，有助于对真菌功能群进行生态学解释。分析表明，营养水平（化学需氧量、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮和磷酸盐磷）与特定真菌功能群之间存在显著负相关，包括附生菌、动物病原体、粪便腐生菌、植物病原体和外生菌根真菌。化学需氧量、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮和磷酸盐磷的去除率分别为71.42%、91.37%、88.80%、87.20%和91.72%。本研究强调了真菌群落在生物修复过程中的潜在作用，并为水产养殖废水处理系统的进一步生态学解释提供了框架。
