Li Wei, Li Qi, Pan Zhihui, Burgaud Gaëtan, Ma Hehe, Zheng Yao, Wang Mengmeng, Cai Lei
College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Oct 14;9(10):1015. doi: 10.3390/jof9101015.
Intertidal zones comprise diverse habitats and directly suffer from the influences of human activities. Nevertheless, the seasonal fluctuations in fungal diversity and community structure in these areas are not well comprehended. To address this gap, samples of seawater and sediment were collected seasonally from the estuary and swimming beaches of Qingdao's intertidal areas in China and were analyzed using a metabarcoding approach targeting ITS2 rDNA regions. Compared to the seawater community dominated by and Agaricomycetes, the sediment community was rather dominated by Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes. Furthermore, the seawater community shifted with the seasons but not with the locations, while the sediment community shifted seasonally and spatially, with a specific trend showing that , , and occurred predominantly in the estuarine habitats during winter and in the beach habitats during spring. These spatiotemporal shifts in fungal communities' composition were supported by the PERMANOVA test and could be explained partially by the environmental variables checked, including temperature, salinity, and total organic carbon. Unexpectedly, the lowest fungal richness was observed in the summer sediments from two swimming beaches which were attracting a high influx of tourists during summer, leading to a significant anthropogenic influence. Predicted trophic modes of fungal taxa exhibited a seasonal pattern with an abundance of saprotrophic fungi in the summer sediments, positively correlating to the temperature, while the taxa affiliated with symbiotroph and pathotroph-saprotroph occurred abundantly in the winter and spring sediments, respectively. Our results demonstrate the space-time shifts in terms of the fungal community, as well as the trophic modes in the intertidal region, providing in-depth insights into the potential influence of environmental factors and human activity on intertidal mycobiomes.
潮间带包含多样的栖息地，且直接受到人类活动的影响。然而，这些区域真菌多样性和群落结构的季节性波动尚未得到充分了解。为填补这一空白，在中国青岛潮间带的河口和游泳海滩季节性采集海水和沉积物样本，并使用靶向ITS2 rDNA区域的宏条形码方法进行分析。与以伞菌纲为主导的海水群落相比，沉积物群落主要由座囊菌纲和散囊菌纲主导。此外，海水群落随季节变化但不随地点变化，而沉积物群落随季节和空间变化，呈现出一种特定趋势，即某些真菌类群在冬季主要出现在河口栖息地，在春季主要出现在海滩栖息地。真菌群落组成的这些时空变化得到了PERMANOVA检验的支持，并且可以部分地由所检测的环境变量（包括温度、盐度和总有机碳）来解释。出乎意料的是，在两个夏季吸引大量游客的游泳海滩的夏季沉积物中观察到最低的真菌丰富度，这表明存在显著的人为影响。预测的真菌类群营养模式呈现出季节性模式，夏季沉积物中腐生真菌丰富，与温度呈正相关，而与共生营养型和致病-腐生营养型相关的类群分别在冬季和春季沉积物中大量出现。我们的结果展示了潮间带真菌群落及其营养模式的时空变化，为环境因素和人类活动对潮间带真菌群落的潜在影响提供了深入见解。
