Adipokines, including C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related proteins (CTRPs), adiponectin, TNF-α, and leptin, are crucial bioactive molecules that are secreted by adipose tissue and circulate in the bloodstream. To date, 15 members of the CTRP family, which are collectively classified as part of the C1q/TNF superfamily, have been identified. Among these, CTRP3 stands out as a unique adipokine because of its distinct structural and functional properties. Recent research has highlighted the significant role of CTRP3 in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the involvement and mechanisms of CTRP3 in the development of numerous disorders, as well as its potential therapeutic implications.