Vornhagen Heike, Garzón-Orjuela Nathaly, Stasiewicz Katarzyna, Garcia Pereira Agustin, Parveen Sana, Porwol Lukasz, Collins Claire, Blake Catherine, Vellinga Akke
Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
BMJ Open. 2025 Sep 4;15(9):e086677. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086677.
A dashboard was developed with and for Irish general practitioners (GPs) to improve their understanding of practice data. The aim of this study was to design and develop interactive CARA dashboards to enable Irish GPs to visualise patient data and compare their data with other practices.
An interpretivist qualitative approach was taken to create a deeper understanding of how GPs view and engage with data. It included four stages: (a) problem formulation, (b) building, intervention and evaluation, (c) reflection and learning and (d) formalisation of learning. The process included interviews to explore what type of information GPs need, as well as iterative testing of the CARA dashboard prototype.
General practice.
GPs, design experts and domain experts (antibiotic prescribing and stewardship).
Key challenges identified from the interviews (context, sense-making, audits, relevance, action, engagement and ease of use) formed the basis for developing the CARA dashboard prototype. The first exemplar dashboard focused on antibiotic prescribing to develop and showcase the proposed platform, including automated audit reports, filters (within-practice) and between-practice comparisons, as well as a visual overview of practice demographics. The design thinking approach helped to capture and build an understanding of the GPs' perspectives and identify unmet needs. This approach benefits the quality improvement methodology commonly adopted across healthcare, which aims to understand the process, not the users.
The development of a dashboard is based on two key elements: users' requirements and their continued involvement in the development of content and overall design decisions. The next step will be an incremental inclusion of GPs using the dashboard and an exploratory study on dashboard engagement. Additional dashboards, such as for chronic disease, will be developed.
为爱尔兰全科医生（GP）开发并由其使用一个仪表板，以增进他们对医疗实践数据的理解。本研究的目的是设计和开发交互式CARA仪表板，使爱尔兰全科医生能够可视化患者数据，并将他们的数据与其他医疗机构进行比较。
采用解释主义定性方法，以更深入地了解全科医生如何看待数据并与之互动。它包括四个阶段：（a）问题形成，（b）构建、干预和评估，（c）反思和学习，以及（d）学习的形式化。该过程包括访谈，以探索全科医生需要何种类型的信息，以及对CARA仪表板原型进行迭代测试。
全科医疗。
全科医生、设计专家和领域专家（抗生素处方与管理）。
访谈中确定的关键挑战（背景、意义建构、审计、相关性、行动、参与度和易用性）构成了开发CARA仪表板原型的基础。第一个示例仪表板专注于抗生素处方，以开发和展示所提议的平台，包括自动审计报告、过滤器（机构内部）和机构间比较，以及机构人口统计学的可视化概述。设计思维方法有助于捕捉和理解全科医生的观点，并识别未满足的需求。这种方法有利于医疗保健领域普遍采用的质量改进方法，该方法旨在了解过程，而非用户。
仪表板的开发基于两个关键要素：用户需求以及他们持续参与内容开发和总体设计决策。下一步将逐步让全科医生使用该仪表板，并对仪表板的使用情况进行探索性研究。还将开发其他仪表板，如用于慢性病的仪表板。
