Feng Yige, He Yujie
The First Clinical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 Aug 20;13:1623959. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1623959. eCollection 2025.
Menstrual blood (MB), a biofluid rich in diverse cell types and biomolecules, has emerged as a vital resource for investigating female reproductive health and diseases because of its unique composition and noninvasive accessibility. This review explores the potential of MB in medical research and clinical applications, focusing on its diagnostic and therapeutic prospects. For disease diagnosis, MB offers a noninvasive sampling method for identifying biomarkers in endometriosis, cervical cancer, and other gynecological conditions. Therapeutically, stem cells derived from MB (menstrual blood-derived stem cells, MenSCs) exhibit pluripotency, high proliferative capacity, and low immunogenicity, positioning them as promising candidates in regenerative medicine. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of MenSCs in treating infertility, premature ovarian insufficiency, intrauterine adhesions, hepatic disorders, cutaneous injuries, and neurological diseases. MenSCs also exert therapeutic effects through paracrine mechanisms by releasing cytokines and exosomes that modulate immunity, attenuate inflammation, and promote tissue repair. Despite existing challenges, MenSCs hold substantial promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies across multiple disease domains.
月经血（MB）是一种富含多种细胞类型和生物分子的生物流体，由于其独特的组成和非侵入性获取方式，已成为研究女性生殖健康和疾病的重要资源。本综述探讨了月经血在医学研究和临床应用中的潜力，重点关注其诊断和治疗前景。对于疾病诊断，月经血提供了一种非侵入性采样方法，用于识别子宫内膜异位症、宫颈癌和其他妇科疾病中的生物标志物。在治疗方面，源自月经血的干细胞（月经血来源的干细胞，MenSCs）具有多能性、高增殖能力和低免疫原性，使其成为再生医学中有前景的候选者。临床前和临床研究已证明MenSCs在治疗不孕症、卵巢早衰、宫腔粘连、肝脏疾病、皮肤损伤和神经疾病方面的疗效。MenSCs还通过旁分泌机制发挥治疗作用，释放调节免疫、减轻炎症和促进组织修复的细胞因子和外泌体。尽管存在现有挑战，但MenSCs在开发针对多种疾病领域的新型治疗策略方面具有巨大潜力。
