Barillari Marco, Zanutto Piero, Pellini Francesca, Fiorio Elena, Deguidi Giulia, Invento Alessandra, Nottegar Alessia, D'Onofrio Mirko, Mansueto Giancarlo
Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Section of Radiology, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Department of Radiology, Ospedale G.B. Rossi AOUI Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Radiol Med. 2025 Sep 6. doi: 10.1007/s11547-025-02084-x.
The male breast is predisposed to be affected by many of the same pathological processes as the female breast is. The diagnosis of male breast pathologies is generally achievable when clinical evaluation is combined with standard breast imaging methods such as mammography and ultrasound. Magnetic resonance imaging is also a valuable tool in diagnosing the main pathologies affecting the male breast, especially for evaluating pre- and post-surgical treatments and follow-up. However, although this technique has been sufficiently regulated and adopted by many breast radiologists for female breast imaging, its application in the diagnosis of male breast pathologies remains limited to a few specialized centers. This article, based on a retrospective analysis of the experience of the University of Verona, explores various aspects of male breast diseases, including benign conditions such as gynecomastia and breast implant ruptures in transgender women as well as malignant entities such as male breast cancer. Emphasis is placed on the distinctive morphological features, enhancement patterns and kinetics observed in male breast lesions on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the application of MRI in male breast disease assessment, highlighting the potential role of MRI as a complementary tool to traditional breast imaging techniques.
男性乳房易受许多与女性乳房相同的病理过程影响。当临床评估与标准的乳房成像方法（如乳腺X线摄影和超声）相结合时，男性乳房疾病的诊断通常是可以实现的。磁共振成像也是诊断影响男性乳房的主要疾病的有价值工具，特别是用于评估手术前后的治疗及随访。然而，尽管这项技术已得到充分规范，并且被许多乳腺放射科医生用于女性乳房成像，但它在男性乳房疾病诊断中的应用仍仅限于少数专业中心。本文基于对维罗纳大学经验的回顾性分析，探讨了男性乳房疾病的各个方面，包括男性乳房肥大和变性女性乳房植入物破裂等良性疾病，以及男性乳腺癌等恶性疾病。重点介绍了在动态对比增强磁共振成像中男性乳房病变所观察到的独特形态特征、强化方式和动力学。本文全面概述了磁共振成像在男性乳房疾病评估中的应用，强调了磁共振成像作为传统乳房成像技术补充工具的潜在作用。
