DeJong Lempke Alexandra F, Ackerman Kathryn E, Stellingwerff Trent, Burke Louise M, Baggish Aaron L, d'Hemecourt Pierre A, Dyer Sophia, Troyanos Chris, Saville Grace H, Adelzadeh Kaya, Holtzman Bryan, Hackney Anthony C, Whitney Kristin E
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1223 East Marshall Street, Richmond, USA.
Institute for Women's Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
Sports Med. 2025 Sep 6. doi: 10.1007/s40279-025-02304-4.
Physical training influences competitive marathon performance, including training volume and training frequency changes (TFCs) pre-race. Training intensity distribution (i.e., steady-state, quality sessions, interval training) and cross-training contribute to volume and TFCs that may influence performance.
The aim of this study is to assess the relationships among training and TFCs preceding the 2022 Boston Marathon and race performance.
Adult 2022 Boston Marathon registrants were contacted via email 1 month pre-race. Athletes reported demographics, training/racing experience, and training pre-race. TFCs were calculated by comparing two timeframes: 12-4 and 4-0 month pre-race training. Official race performance was obtained from chip timing data and demographics. Separate linear regressions were used to assess the effects of training and cross-training in 12-4 and 4-0 months pre-race and TFCs on performance, accounting for experience and demographics.
In total, 917 athletes were included (female: n = 495, 3:53 ± 0:37 h race times, 64.4 ± 24 km/week weekly distance; male: n = 422; 3:35 ± 0:39 h race times, 67.6 ± 26.2 km/week weekly distance). Higher running distance/week, running sessions/week (n), quality sessions/week ("hard sessions"; n), average distance in the 12-4 and 4-0 months pre-race (p ≤ 0.050), and more cross-training (p < 0.001) in the 4-0 months pre-race were associated with faster times and performance. Runners with TFCs of decreased running sessions/week (p = 0.035) had faster times and better performance versus athletes who maintained/increased volume.
Habitually higher training exposure 12-4 and 4-0 months, but relatively reduced training frequency 4-0 months pre-race, contributed to better marathon performance.
体能训练会影响马拉松比赛成绩，包括赛前训练量和训练频率变化（TFCs）。训练强度分布（即稳态训练、高质量训练课、间歇训练）和交叉训练会影响训练量和训练频率变化，进而可能影响比赛成绩。
本研究旨在评估2022年波士顿马拉松赛前训练与训练频率变化及比赛成绩之间的关系。
在赛前1个月通过电子邮件联系2022年波士顿马拉松成年参赛者。运动员报告人口统计学信息、训练/比赛经历以及赛前训练情况。通过比较两个时间范围来计算训练频率变化：赛前12至4个月和赛前4至0个月的训练情况。从芯片计时数据和人口统计学信息中获取官方比赛成绩。使用单独的线性回归来评估赛前12至4个月和赛前4至0个月的训练和交叉训练以及训练频率变化对比赛成绩的影响，并考虑经验和人口统计学因素。
总共纳入了917名运动员（女性：n = 495，比赛时间3:53±0:37小时，每周距离64.4±24公里；男性：n = 422；比赛时间3:35±0:39小时，每周距离67.6±26.2公里）。赛前4至0个月每周跑步距离更长、每周跑步次数（n）更多、每周高质量训练课（“高强度训练课”；n）更多、赛前12至4个月和赛前4至0个月的平均距离更长（p≤0.050）以及更多交叉训练（p < 0.001）与更快的比赛时间和更好的成绩相关。与保持/增加训练量的运动员相比，每周跑步次数训练频率变化降低的跑步者（p = 0.035）比赛时间更快，成绩更好。
在赛前12至4个月和赛前4至0个月习惯性地进行更高强度的训练，但在赛前4至0个月相对降低训练频率，有助于提高马拉松比赛成绩。
