Kim Kyu Sik, Park Joon Seok, Choi Hyung Jin
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Aug;30(4):165-174. doi: 10.6065/apem.2448320.160. Epub 2025 Aug 31.
Ever since its discovery, glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) and drugs with similar function (collectively GLP-1s) have been used for type 2 diabetes mellitus and have been effective for obesity. Their profound effect on weight loss has resulted in widespread use of these medicines for treating obesity. Extensive studies have shown that GLP-1s decrease body weight, lean mass, and other metabolic phenotypes. These studies were supported by the mechanism of signaling pathways of GLP-1s in cells and their metabolic effects. Recently, studies have focused on the effect of GLP-1s on the brain, showing that they affect food cognition, depression, drug addiction, and even neurodegenerative diseases. Although recent studies have investigated the impact of GLP-1s on the brain, our understanding of these effects is limited. This review describes how GLP-1s have become the most effective drugs in obesity, such as their known signaling pathway in cells and their pharmaceutical processing over the years. This review covers recent discoveries of the GLP-1 mechanisms in the brain, including their prominent effects on obesity, and discusses discoveries that imply their potential usage in brain disorders.
自发现以来，胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP-1）及具有类似功能的药物（统称为GLP-1类药物）一直用于治疗2型糖尿病，且对肥胖症也有疗效。它们对体重减轻有显著作用，这使得这些药物被广泛用于治疗肥胖症。大量研究表明，GLP-1类药物可降低体重、瘦体重及其他代谢表型。这些研究得到了GLP-1类药物在细胞中的信号通路机制及其代谢作用的支持。最近，研究聚焦于GLP-1类药物对大脑的影响，表明它们会影响食物认知、抑郁、药物成瘾，甚至神经退行性疾病。尽管最近的研究调查了GLP-1类药物对大脑的影响，但我们对这些影响的了解仍然有限。本综述描述了GLP-1类药物如何成为治疗肥胖症最有效的药物，比如它们在细胞中已知的信号通路以及多年来的药物加工过程。本综述涵盖了GLP-1在大脑中的机制的最新发现，包括它们对肥胖症的显著影响，并讨论了暗示其在脑部疾病中潜在用途 的发现。
