Assemie Anmut, Mulu Dasash, Getahun Alemayehu, Awoke Negalign, Muluken Workineh, Enyew Tigist, Gebremariam Amha, Aynalem Yihenew
Department of Biology, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.
Department of Statistics, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.
J Parasitol Res. 2025 Aug 28;2025:9980264. doi: 10.1155/japr/9980264. eCollection 2025.
Environmental changes due to global warming and human activities have negatively impacted malaria vector control in Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. Plants contain anthraquinoes. Flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, saponin, steroids, tannin, and terpenes that are target specific, rapidly biodegradable, ecofriendly, and less toxic to human health. The objective of the study was to evaluate the insecticidal activities of (neem) and L. (garlic) ethanol extracts against malaria vectors in the study area. Then, 20 g from each ( and L.) were extracted separately by ethanol solvents. The phytochemical analysis was evaluated from the crude sample based on standard methods. Then, insecticidal activities were evaluated by introducing the fourth instar larva at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ppm concentrations, and data were subjected to probit analysis to determine the LC and chi-square test to check the significance of the mortality by R statistical software. The presence of phytochemical tests such as alkaloids, saponin, tannin, phenol, anthraquinoes, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, terpenes, and flavonoids was obtained. The mortality of malaria vectors due to ethanol extract of and was observed. The highest (90.66%) mortality was observed in the ethanol extract of at 250 ppm concentration. extracts have a significant effect only on the mortality of ( = 13.6, = 0.008687) and ( = 11.002, = 0.02655), but have a significant effect only on the mortality of An. ( = 14.26, = 0.00651). The lowest LC (39 ppm) was observed in the ethanol extract of . So, extract was highly toxic than extract and more effective in the reduction of malaria vectors but further studies will be conducted to determine the insecticidal activities at pupa and adult stages.
由于全球变暖和人类活动导致的环境变化对埃塞俄比亚哈迪亚地区的疟疾媒介控制产生了负面影响。植物含有蒽醌、黄酮类化合物、糖苷、酚类、皂苷、甾体、单宁和萜类，这些物质具有特定的靶向性、快速可生物降解、生态友好且对人类健康毒性较小。本研究的目的是评估印楝和大蒜乙醇提取物对研究区域内疟疾媒介的杀虫活性。然后，分别用乙醇溶剂提取每种植物（印楝和大蒜）各20克。基于标准方法从粗样品中进行植物化学分析。然后，通过引入50、100、150、200和250 ppm浓度的四龄幼虫来评估杀虫活性，并使用R统计软件对数据进行概率分析以确定半数致死浓度（LC），并进行卡方检验以检验死亡率的显著性。检测到了生物碱、皂苷、单宁、酚类、蒽醌、黄酮类化合物、糖苷、甾体、萜类和黄酮类等植物化学物质。观察到印楝和大蒜乙醇提取物导致疟疾媒介的死亡情况。在250 ppm浓度下，印楝乙醇提取物的死亡率最高（90.66%）。印楝提取物仅对冈比亚按蚊（χ² = 13.6，P = 0.008687）和阿拉伯按蚊（χ² = 11.002，P = 0.02655）的死亡率有显著影响，但大蒜提取物仅对嗜人按蚊的死亡率有显著影响（χ² = 14.26，P = 0.00651）。印楝乙醇提取物的半数致死浓度最低（39 ppm）。因此，印楝提取物比大蒜提取物毒性更高，在减少疟疾媒介方面更有效，但将进一步开展研究以确定其在蛹期和成虫期的杀虫活性。
