埃塞俄比亚药用植物对冈比亚按蚊（双翅目：蚊科）的杀幼虫和杀成虫作用。

Larvicidal and adulticidal effects of Ethiopian medicinal plants against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae).

作者信息

Tadesse Sileshi, Abay Solomon Mequanente, Makonnen Eyasu, Ejigu Abebe, Asemamaw Yehenew, Haileselassie Werissaw, Engidawork Ephrem

机构信息

Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

出版信息

Malar J. 2025 Jul 30;24(1):246. doi: 10.1186/s12936-025-05443-1.

DOI:10.1186/s12936-025-05443-1

PMID:40739232

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The malaria control programmes are facing a challenge due to a rapidly increasing resistance to currently available synthetic insecticides. Medicinal plants offer a promising alternative for mosquito control, addressing environmental and resistance concerns. The study aimed to assess the larvicidal and adulticidal effects of crude extracts and fractions of selected Ethiopian medicinal plants.

METHODS

Methanol crude extract/fractions of leaves of Croton macrostachyus (Euphorbiaceae) and Dodonaea angustifolia (Sapindaceae), rhizomes of Kniphofia foliosa (Asphodelaceae) and roots of Rumex abyssinicus (Polygonaceae) were tested for their larvicidal and adulticidal activity against late 3rd to early 4th instar larvae and 3 to 5 days adults of Anopheles gambiae, respectively. For both assays, the plants were incubated with the parasites for 48 h at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm. Percent mean mortality rate was compared using one-way ANOVA, and LC and LC values were calculated using a generalized linear Probit model.

RESULTS

Croton macrostachyus crude extract exhibited the strongest activity, achieving 100% mortality rate at 400 ppm, with LC (69.43 ppm) and LC (219.39 ppm) for larvae and LC (55.32 ppm) and LC (86.77 ppm) for adults. The ethyl acetate fraction of C. macrostachyus was particularly effective, with an LC of 38.60 ppm for larvae and 52.72 ppm for adults, superseding all other extracts and fractions. Kniphofia foliosa was the next most potent, though it required slightly higher concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS

The crude extract and ethyl acetate fractions of C. macrostachyus as well as the rhizome of K. foliosa showed a promising biopesticide activity that could further be developed for malaria vector control.

摘要

背景

由于对目前可用的合成杀虫剂的耐药性迅速增加，疟疾控制项目面临挑战。药用植物为蚊虫控制提供了一个有前景的替代方案，解决了环境和耐药性问题。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚选定药用植物的粗提物和馏分的杀幼虫和杀成虫效果。

方法

分别测试了大戟科大戟属植物（Croton macrostachyus）和无患子科车桑子属植物（Dodonaea angustifolia）叶片的甲醇粗提物/馏分、阿福花科火把莲属植物（Kniphofia foliosa）的根茎以及蓼科酸模属植物（Rumex abyssinicus）的根对冈比亚按蚊3龄晚期至4龄早期幼虫和3至5日龄成虫的杀幼虫和杀成虫活性。对于这两种试验，将植物与寄生虫在25、50、100、200和400 ppm的浓度下孵育48小时。使用单向方差分析比较平均死亡率百分比，并使用广义线性概率模型计算LC和LC值。

结果

大戟科大戟属植物粗提物表现出最强的活性，在400 ppm时死亡率达到100%，幼虫的LC（69.43 ppm）和LC（219.39 ppm），成虫的LC（55.32 ppm）和LC（86.77 ppm）。大戟科大戟属植物的乙酸乙酯馏分特别有效，幼虫的LC为38.60 ppm，成虫的LC为52.72 ppm，超过了所有其他提取物和馏分。火把莲属植物次之，尽管它需要略高的浓度。