心理健康专业人员中对COVID-19恐惧的患病率及相关因素的性别差异：基于中国全国性调查的网络视角
Gender differences in the prevalence and correlates of COVID-19 fear among mental health professionals: a network perspective based on a national survey in China.
作者信息
Rao Shu-Ying, Zheng Mu-Rui, An Feng-Rong, Feng Yuan, Su Zhaohui, Cheung Teris, Ungvari Gabor S, Ng Chee H, Xiang Yu-Tao, Wang Gang
机构信息
Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.
Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.
出版信息
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 21;16:1631050. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1631050. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND
Gender differences in COVID-19-related fear among mental health professionals (MHPs) have been inadequately studied. This study compared the gender differences in prevalence, correlates and network structure of COVID-19 fear among MHPs in China in the post-pandemic era.
METHODS
A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted between January 22 and February 10, 2023. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with COVID-19 fear. Expected Influence was used to identify the most central (influential) symptoms in gender-specific networks, while network comparison tests were conducted to assess the differences between male and female models.
RESULTS
Among 7,199 MHPs, the overall prevalence of COVID-19 fear was 63.5% (95% CI: 62.3%-64.6%), with 61.7% (95% CI: 58.9%-64.4%) in males and 65.0% (95% CI: 63.7%-66.2%) in females. For male MHPs, factors associated with COVID-19 fear included having married status (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.02-1.90; P = 0.037), poorer economic status (poor vs. good: OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.23-2.98; P = 0.004), more severe insomnia (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.07; P = 0.018), and depression (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.12; P < 0.001). For female MHPs, the significant factors included having married status (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.06-1.37; P = 0.004), poorer economic status (poor vs. good: OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11-1.73; P = 0.004), more severe insomnia (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03-1.06; P < 0.001), depression (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.08-1.11; P < 0.001), and quarantine experience (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.04-1.30; P = 0.006). Network analysis revealed that the most central symptom in the male network was FOC6 (sleep difficulties due to COVID-19 concerns), while the corresponding node in the female network model was FOC7 (palpitations when thinking about COVID-19).
CONCLUSION
COVID-19-related fear was more prevalent among female MHPs than males. Specific interventions targeting the central symptoms in each network should be implemented to alleviate COVID-19 fear effectively and improve the mental health of MHPs in the post-pandemic era.
背景
心理健康专业人员（MHPs）中与新冠病毒病（COVID-19）相关恐惧的性别差异研究不足。本研究比较了疫情后时代中国心理健康专业人员中COVID-19恐惧在患病率、相关因素及网络结构方面的性别差异。
方法
于2023年1月22日至2月10日进行了一项全国性横断面研究。采用二元逻辑回归确定与COVID-19恐惧相关的因素。使用预期影响力来确定特定性别网络中最核心（有影响力）的症状，同时进行网络比较测试以评估男性和女性模型之间的差异。
结果
在7199名心理健康专业人员中，COVID-19恐惧的总体患病率为63.5%（95%置信区间：62.3%-64.6%），男性为61.7%（95%置信区间：58.9%-64.4%），女性为65.0%（95%置信区间：63.7%-66.2%）。对于男性心理健康专业人员，与COVID-19恐惧相关的因素包括已婚状态（比值比：1.39；95%置信区间：1.02-1.90；P = 0.037）、经济状况较差（差与好相比：比值比：1.91；95%置信区间：1.23-2.98；P = 0.004）、更严重的失眠（比值比：1.04；95%置信区间：1.01-1.07；P = 0.018）和抑郁（比值比：1.09；95%置信区间：1.05-1.12；P < 0.001）。对于女性心理健康专业人员，显著因素包括已婚状态（比值比：1.21；95%置信区间：1.06-1.37；P = 0.004）经济状况较差（差与好相比：比值比：1.39；95%置信区间：1.11-1.73；P = 0.004）、更严重的失眠（比值比：1.05；95%置信区间：1.03-1.06；P < 0.001）、抑郁（比值比：1.09；95%置信区间：1.08-1.11；P < 0.001）和隔离经历（比值比：1.17；95%置信区间：1.04-1.30；P = 0.006）。网络分析显示，男性网络中最核心的症状是FOC6（因担心COVID-19而睡眠困难），而女性网络模型中的相应节点是FOC7（想到COVID-19时心悸）。
结论
女性心理健康专业人员中与COVID-19相关的恐惧比男性更普遍。应针对每个网络中的核心症状实施特定干预措施，以有效减轻COVID-19恐惧，并改善疫情后时代心理健康专业人员的心理健康状况。
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