Oliveira Jorge, Gonzalez Bárbara, Mendes Teresa, Paulino Paula, Gaspar Rui, António Bruna, Costa Diana, Pinto Leonor Q, Costa Andreia, De Arriaga Miguel Telo
Digital Human-Environment Interaction Lab, Lusofona University, Lisbon, Portugal.
Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Front Public Health. 2025 Aug 22;13:1616402. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1616402. eCollection 2025.
Seasonal vaccination campaigns against influenza and COVID-19 are critical for protecting vulnerable populations. Scientific evidence on past campaigns is essential for the effectiveness of future campaigns. This study aims to: (1) assess predictors of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination intentions (2) explore perceived barriers and facilitators of 2023-2024 seasonal vaccination campaign.
A cross-sectional study employing both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted. The quantitative study involved a sample of 231 respondents from Portugal, including healthcare professionals and vaccination eligible population: individuals over 60 years of age, and individuals with chronic diseases. Quantitative data were collected via an online survey to assess vaccination literacy, attitudes, and future vaccination intention. The qualitative study consisted of four focus groups with a total of 17.
Vaccinated/unvaccinated individuals and healthcare professionals. Thematic analysis was used to explore perceptions of eligible populations about this vaccination campaign.
Quantitative analysis revealed that attitudes toward vaccination and factors related to personal/family health predicted future vaccination intentions for influenza and COVID-19. Thematic analysis identified key facilitators, such as positive perceptions of pharmacies as vaccination sites and an early start of the campaign specifically for vaccinated groups. Barriers were related to campaign communication, fear of side effects, vaccination fatigue, and the co-occurrence of high temperatures during the campaign start. Unvaccinated individuals expressed lower perceived susceptibility and severity.
The study highlights the importance of clear communication, addressing vaccination fatigue, and considering environmental factors. Improving proximity between health professionals as trusted information sources and the population, alongside customized communication, may also enhance vaccination uptake among the eligible population. The potential influence of weather conditions on the acceptance of vaccination campaigns is a topic that deserves further consideration in the future, within the scope of climate changes.
针对流感和新冠病毒的季节性疫苗接种活动对于保护弱势群体至关重要。过去活动的科学证据对未来活动的有效性至关重要。本研究旨在：（1）评估流感和新冠病毒疫苗接种意愿的预测因素；（2）探索2023 - 2024年季节性疫苗接种活动的感知障碍和促进因素。
开展了一项采用定量和定性方法的横断面研究。定量研究涉及来自葡萄牙的231名受访者样本，包括医疗保健专业人员和符合疫苗接种条件的人群：60岁以上的个体以及患有慢性病的个体。通过在线调查收集定量数据，以评估疫苗接种知识、态度和未来疫苗接种意愿。定性研究包括四个焦点小组，共17人。
已接种/未接种疫苗的个体以及医疗保健专业人员。采用主题分析法探索符合条件人群对此次疫苗接种活动的看法。
定量分析表明，对疫苗接种的态度以及与个人/家庭健康相关的因素预测了未来流感和新冠病毒的疫苗接种意愿。主题分析确定了关键促进因素，例如对药房作为疫苗接种地点的积极看法以及专门针对已接种疫苗群体提前启动活动。障碍与活动宣传、对副作用的恐惧、疫苗接种疲劳以及活动开始时高温同时出现有关。未接种疫苗的个体表现出较低的感知易感性和严重性。
该研究强调了清晰沟通、解决疫苗接种疲劳以及考虑环境因素的重要性。改善作为可靠信息来源的卫生专业人员与人群之间的亲近度，以及进行定制化沟通，也可能提高符合条件人群的疫苗接种率。在气候变化的背景下，天气条件对疫苗接种活动接受度的潜在影响是一个未来值得进一步考虑的话题。
