Jung Haesung, Albarracín Dolores
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA.
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Soc Psychol Personal Sci. 2024 Nov;15(8):955-967. doi: 10.1177/19485506241265429. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
Although people often engage in prosocial behavior when witnessing prosocial others, little is known about whether and how prosociality spreads across different positions within a social hierarchy. One field study involving 79 U.S. counties found a positive association between the prosociality of community members and their authorities, providing preliminary evidence of similarity in willingness to improve community well-being across levels of a social hierarchy. A follow-up experiment testing the relative magnitude of downward and upward prosocial influence showed that participants playing the role of authorities were more responsive to the prosociality of community members. Findings further showed that the greater response to prosocial influence among authorities was due to their greater optimism. The article ends with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of these findings and directions for future research.
尽管人们在目睹亲社会的他人时常常会做出亲社会行为，但对于亲社会行为是否以及如何在社会等级制度中的不同地位之间传播，我们知之甚少。一项涉及美国79个县的实地研究发现，社区成员和亲社会行为与其当局之间存在正相关，这为社会等级制度各层面在改善社区福祉意愿上的相似性提供了初步证据。一项后续实验测试了向下和向上亲社会影响的相对程度，结果表明扮演当局角色的参与者对社区成员的亲社会行为反应更为敏感。研究结果进一步表明，当局对亲社会影响的更大反应是由于他们更大的乐观情绪。文章最后讨论了这些发现的理论和实际意义以及未来研究的方向。
