Taylor Charlotte, Allwood Julian M, Watari Takuma, Hawkins Will
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Archit Struct Constr. 2025;5(2):55. doi: 10.1007/s44150-025-00171-1. Epub 2025 Sep 4.
The construction sector faces the daunting task of meeting growing construction demand with a 'zero-emission resource pool'-materials that are compatible with a near-future zero-emissions economy. Most decarbonisation roadmaps and scenario analyses for the sector depend heavily on high-risk technologies such as carbon storage that have not yet been deployed at significant scale, or favour recycling whilst overlooking likely constraints from limited supplies of zero-emissions electricity. This paper therefore provides a first critical review of options to supply construction materials in the UK with realistic expectations about the availability of carbon storage, zero-emissions electricity and zero-emissions transport. The paper focuses on nine key construction materials-concrete, steel, aluminium, structural glass, timber, earth, stone, lime and straw. We conclude that the zero-emissions resource pool includes virgin bio-based materials, limited by the availability of productive land, virgin earth and stone, limited by local geology and transportation, recycled materials, limited by the availability of scrap and emission-free electricity, and reused components, limited by availability and refurbishment potential. This points to the need for a revision to the national construction strategy and a range of entrepreneurial opportunities in delivering the services of construction within a reduced material budget.
建筑行业面临着一项艰巨的任务，即要用“零排放资源库”来满足不断增长的建筑需求，这些资源库指的是与近期零排放经济相兼容的材料。该行业的大多数脱碳路线图和情景分析严重依赖于尚未大规模应用的高风险技术，如碳储存，或者倾向于回收利用，却忽视了零排放电力供应有限可能带来的限制。因此，本文首次对英国供应建筑材料的各种选择进行了批判性审视，对碳储存、零排放电力和零排放运输的可得性抱有现实期望。本文重点关注九种关键建筑材料——混凝土、钢材、铝、结构玻璃、木材、土、石材、石灰和秸秆。我们得出的结论是，零排放资源库包括原生生物基材料（受生产性土地可得性限制）、原生土和石材（受当地地质和运输限制）、回收材料（受废料可得性和无排放电力限制）以及再利用部件（受可得性和翻新潜力限制）。这表明需要修订国家建设战略，并在以减少的材料预算提供建筑服务方面存在一系列创业机会。
