Kumar Gautam, Chopra Sidharth
Department of Pharmacy, Vidya Vihar, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus Pilani Rajasthan 333031 India
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Sitapur Road Lucknow Uttar Pradesh-226031 India.
RSC Adv. 2025 Sep 5;15(39):32080-32107. doi: 10.1039/d5ra03414k.
Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, significantly impact human health by causing infections that can lead to serious health issues, including mortality and morbidity. Antimicrobials, including antibacterials, anti-virals, anti-fungals, and anti-parasitics, effectively prevent and treat infections in humans and animals. However, pathogens have developed resistance to these antimicrobials, enabling them to survive and persist even in the presence of antibiotics. There is a pressing need to develop new antibiotics with different mechanisms of action to combat infectious diseases effectively. Nature provides a vast therapy and drug discovery resource, offering unparalleled chemical diversity and structural complexity. Among these resources, polyketide synthase machinery produces secondary metabolites in plants, animals, marine organisms, and fungi, significantly contributing to drug discovery. Notably, polyketides exhibit diverse chemotypes, which can facilitate the discovery of antimicrobial drugs. Also, polyketide-based drugs, including anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-parasitic, have been approved for treating various infectious diseases. This review summarizes recently identified natural polyketides with potential antimicrobial activities.
微生物，包括细菌、病毒、真菌和原生动物，通过引发感染对人类健康产生重大影响，这些感染可能导致包括死亡和发病在内的严重健康问题。抗菌药物，包括抗菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗真菌剂和抗寄生虫剂，能有效预防和治疗人类及动物的感染。然而，病原体已对抗菌药物产生耐药性，使它们即使在有抗生素的情况下也能存活并持续存在。迫切需要研发具有不同作用机制的新型抗生素，以有效对抗传染病。自然界提供了丰富的治疗和药物发现资源，具有无与伦比的化学多样性和结构复杂性。在这些资源中，聚酮合酶机制在植物、动物、海洋生物和真菌中产生次级代谢产物，对药物发现有重大贡献。值得注意的是，聚酮化合物呈现出多样的化学类型，这有助于抗菌药物的发现。此外，基于聚酮化合物的药物，包括抗菌、抗真菌和抗寄生虫药物，已被批准用于治疗各种传染病。本综述总结了最近发现的具有潜在抗菌活性的天然聚酮化合物。
