Idrees Amna, Lee Gwangseop, Jabbar Hamid, Siyar Muhammad, Khan Muhammad Zubair, Mumtaz Farah, Taimoor Aqeel Ahmad, Ahmad Awais, Ahmed Tauseef, Koh Jung-Hyuk, Saleem Mohsin
School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
ACS Omega. 2025 Aug 21;10(34):38385-38396. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c00071. eCollection 2025 Sep 2.
In this study, we present an indigenous approach to enhancing the properties of Pb-(ZrTi)-O by synthesizing it from β-PbO obtained from spent lead-acid batteries. Initially, β-PbO, orthorhombic massicot, was produced by two-step heating, and 99.9% lead powder was derived from recovered lead-acid batteries at 700 °C. The synthesized β-PbO was thoroughly analyzed using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Subsequently, the β-PbO precursor was utilized for the synthesis of PZT, offering a cost-effective alternative. The morphology of the sintered sample revealed the formation of homogeneous and uniform grains, indicative of significant densification (∼99%) of the ceramic. The sintered PZT exhibited an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient ( ) of 270 pC/N, a factor of 30.94, and a dielectric constant of 1590 at ∼10 kHz. This study highlights the feasibility of using β-PbO derived from recycled lead ingots to synthesize materials, presenting a sustainable approach that contributes to technological progress and environmental conservation.
在本研究中，我们提出了一种本土方法，通过由废铅酸电池中获得的β-PbO合成来增强Pb-(ZrTi)-O的性能。最初，通过两步加热制备了正交晶系的铅黄β-PbO，99.9%的铅粉是在700℃下从回收的铅酸电池中获得的。使用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和拉曼光谱对合成的β-PbO进行了全面分析。随后，将β-PbO前驱体用于PZT的合成，提供了一种经济高效的替代方案。烧结样品的形态显示形成了均匀一致的晶粒，表明陶瓷有显著的致密化（约99%）。烧结的PZT在约10 kHz时表现出增强的压电系数（）为270 pC/N、优值因子为30.94以及介电常数为1590。本研究强调了使用由回收铅锭衍生的β-PbO合成材料的可行性，提出了一种有助于技术进步和环境保护的可持续方法。
