Lahondes Tiphaine, Carolino Nuno, Sousa Sérgio Ramalho, Waap Helga, Martins Elisabete Gomes
Vasco da Gama Research Center/Vasco da Gama University School, Coimbra, Portugal.
Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P.-Unidade Estratégica de Investigação e Serviços de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Estacão Zootécnica Nacional - Polo de Investigação da Fonte Boa, Vale de Santarém, Portugal.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Aug 21;12:1621589. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1621589. eCollection 2025.
Bovine besnoitiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the parasite . It was classified as an emerging disease by EFSA in 2010, due to the appearance of new cases in several European countries. The clinical presentation can be acute or chronic, but most animals remain asymptomatic, acting as reservoirs. The disease is associated with important economic losses and strict control measures are necessary to mitigate the spread of infection. In recent years, the Health Defense Group of the Auvergne Rhône-Alpes region in France has implemented a voluntary program to monitor the presence of the infection in dairy cattle, through the testing of bulk milk samples collected in dairy farms. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution and evolution of the disease from January 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023. The official results of bulk milk tests from 7,552 dairy farms in all 12 departments of the region were analyzed. The milk samples were tested in certified laboratories using an indirect ELISA (ID Screen Besnoitia Milk Indirect, IDVET laboratory). Descriptive statistics, sample proportions and disease prevalence were calculated for each year and department. The effects of department, year of analysis, farm type, and number of analyses on the risk of a farm testing positive was investigated. In all the departments, more than 96.2% of active farms were tested in at least 1 year of the study period, with most departments conducting testing annually. Of the farms tested, 12% were positive in at least 1 year. Prevalence varied significantly over the study period and between departments ( < 0.01). The lowest prevalence was observed in the Rhône department in 2021, at 0.36%, while the highest prevalence of 23.44% was recorded in the Savoie department in the same year, based on a testing coverage of 97.5% and 100% of active farms, respectively. The probability of a farm testing positive was 4.1% when only one sample was collected annually, increasing to 7.3%, 12.6% and 20.9%, when two, three and four samples were collected respectively. Farms with mixed production types had a higher probability of testing positive. The present study reinforces the importance of regular, repeated testing and focused monitoring of farms with higher risk profiles, such as mixed-production operations, to effectively control and manage bovine besnoitiosis.
牛贝诺孢子虫病是由该寄生虫引起的一种寄生虫病。由于在几个欧洲国家出现了新病例，它在2010年被欧洲食品安全局列为一种新出现的疾病。临床表现可以是急性或慢性的，但大多数动物保持无症状，充当着传染源。该疾病会造成重大经济损失，因此需要采取严格的控制措施来减缓感染的传播。近年来，法国奥弗涅-罗纳-阿尔卑斯地区的健康防御小组实施了一项自愿计划，通过检测奶牛场收集的混合牛奶样本，来监测奶牛感染情况。本研究的目的是评估2020年1月1日至2023年7月1日期间该疾病的分布和演变情况。分析了该地区所有12个部门7552个奶牛场的混合牛奶检测官方结果。牛奶样本在经过认证的实验室中使用间接ELISA（ID Screen Besnoitia Milk Indirect，IDVET实验室）进行检测。计算了每年和每个部门的描述性统计数据、样本比例和疾病患病率。研究了部门、分析年份、农场类型和分析次数对农场检测呈阳性风险的影响。在所有部门中，超过96.2%的活跃农场在研究期间至少接受了1年的检测，大多数部门每年进行检测。在接受检测的农场中，12%在至少1年中呈阳性。患病率在研究期间和不同部门之间有显著差异（<0.01）。2021年罗讷省的患病率最低，为0.36%，而同年萨瓦省的患病率最高，为23.44%，分别基于97.5%和100%的活跃农场检测覆盖率。每年仅采集一个样本时，农场检测呈阳性的概率为4.1%，分别采集两个、三个和四个样本时，该概率分别增至7.3%、12.6%和20.9%。混合生产类型的农场检测呈阳性的概率更高。本研究强化了定期、重复检测以及对高风险农场（如混合生产经营农场）进行重点监测对于有效控制和管理牛贝诺孢子虫病的重要性。
