Wang Gengxin, Yang Hongyi, Li Juan, Wen Jie, Zhong Kai, Tian Changlin
Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
Magn Reson Lett. 2023 Jun 10;3(4):327-343. doi: 10.1016/j.mrl.2023.05.002. eCollection 2023 Nov.
Proton nuclear (H) is the observed nucleus on which most magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications depend. Most traditional H MRI can provide structural and functional information about organisms, while various non-proton nuclei (X-nuclei) MRI can provide more metabolic information. However, due to the relatively poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of X-nuclei MRI, their applications are quite rare compared to H. Benefit from the rapid developments of MRI hardware and software technologies, X-nuclei MRI has recently attracted increasing interests in biomedical research. This review firstly introduces some current methods to improve the SNR of X-nuclei MRI. Secondly, this review describes biomedical applications of X-nuclei MRI, especially focusing on the current use of X-nuclei (C, O, F, Na and P) MRI to study related diseases in different organs, including the brain, liver, kidney, heart and bone. Finally, perspectives studies on X-nuclei imaging and its potential applications are described in biomedical research.
质子核（氢）是大多数磁共振成像（MRI）应用所依赖的被观测原子核。大多数传统的氢MRI能够提供有关生物体的结构和功能信息，而各种非质子核（X核）MRI可以提供更多的代谢信息。然而，由于X核MRI的信噪比（SNR）相对较差，与氢相比，它们的应用相当罕见。受益于MRI硬件和软件技术的快速发展，X核MRI最近在生物医学研究中引起了越来越多的关注。本综述首先介绍了一些当前提高X核MRI信噪比的方法。其次，本综述描述了X核MRI的生物医学应用，尤其着重于当前使用X核（碳、氧、氟、钠和磷）MRI来研究不同器官（包括脑、肝、肾、心脏和骨骼）中的相关疾病。最后，阐述了在生物医学研究中对X核成像及其潜在应用的前瞻性研究。
