Handayani Dian, Handayani Anisa, Rudijanto Achmad, Nuraissa Puspita, Rahmawati Widya, Huang Xu-Feng
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang City, Indonesia.
Department of Nutrition, Malang Institute of Health Technology Widya Cipta Husada, Kepanjen, Malang City, Indonesia.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2025 Sep 2;18:3151-3165. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S535983. eCollection 2025.
Obesity remains a critical global health challenge, intricately linked to poor dietary quality, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
This study aimed to investigate the comparative effects of brown rice, meal replacements, and thiazolidinediones on mitochondrial abundance and gut microbiota composition in a rat model of diet-induced obesity.
A total of twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, high-fat high-fructose diet, and three intervention groups receiving the same obesogenic diet supplemented with brown rice, meal replacement, or thiazolidinediones for twelve weeks. Mitochondrial activity in white adipose tissue was quantified using fluorescent staining techniques, while gut microbiota composition was assessed by analyzing the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio through quantitative PCR.
Significant differences were observed in fiber intake and gut microbiota composition across groups (p < 0.001). The brown rice (BR) group exhibited the highest fiber intake (6.36 ± 1.01 g/day) and a favorable Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (1.36 ± 0.09). Mitochondrial count was significantly higher in the meal replacement (MR) group (60 ± 4.08) compared to the HFHF group (30 ± 2.89; p < 0.001). These findings suggest that high-fiber dietary interventions may enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and improve gut microbial balance, providing metabolic benefits in diet-induced obese models.
These findings demonstrate that dietary fiber-rich interventions can modulate host metabolism through concurrent improvement of gut microbiota and mitochondrial function. Brown rice and meal replacements offer promising, non-pharmacological strategies for obesity management, while pharmacological agents such as thiazolidinediones may provide additive benefits through targeted mitochondrial enhancement. This study supports an integrated approach to metabolic health and underscores the significance of diet quality in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
肥胖仍然是一项严峻的全球健康挑战，与不良饮食质量、肠道微生物群失调和线粒体功能障碍密切相关。
本研究旨在调查糙米、代餐食品和噻唑烷二酮类药物对饮食诱导肥胖大鼠模型中线粒体丰度和肠道微生物群组成的比较影响。
总共20只雄性斯普拉格-道利大鼠被随机分为五组：对照组、高脂肪高果糖饮食组，以及三个干预组，这三个干预组接受相同的致肥胖饮食，并分别补充糙米、代餐食品或噻唑烷二酮类药物，为期12周。使用荧光染色技术对白色脂肪组织中的线粒体活性进行定量，同时通过定量PCR分析厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例来评估肠道微生物群组成。
各组之间在纤维摄入量和肠道微生物群组成方面存在显著差异（p < 0.001）。糙米（BR）组的纤维摄入量最高（6.36 ± 1.01克/天），且厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比例良好（1.36 ± 0.09）。与高脂肪高果糖（HFHF）组（30 ± 2.89；p < 0.001）相比，代餐食品（MR）组的线粒体计数显著更高（60 ± 4.08）。这些发现表明，高纤维饮食干预可能会增强线粒体生物合成并改善肠道微生物平衡，在饮食诱导的肥胖模型中提供代谢益处。
这些发现表明，富含膳食纤维的干预措施可以通过同时改善肠道微生物群和线粒体功能来调节宿主代谢。糙米和代餐食品为肥胖管理提供了有前景的非药物策略，而噻唑烷二酮类等药物可能通过有针对性地增强线粒体提供附加益处。本研究支持一种综合的代谢健康方法，并强调饮食质量在肥胖预防和治疗中的重要性。
