Klein B G, Deich J D, Zeigler H P
Behav Brain Res. 1985 Dec;18(3):201-13. doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(85)90028-2.
A combination of cinematographic and denervation procedures were used to analyse the mechanisms involved in the adjustment of gape size during grasping in the pigeon. Gape size was found to vary directly with seed size and to reflect the operation of two variables, jaw opening velocity and jaw opening duration. Effects upon duration are mediated, indirectly, by the effect of seed size upon head height, which, in turn, controls the velocity of head descent. The data suggest that the control of gape during grasping may involve two different effector systems (jaw muscles, neck muscles). Analysis of the displacement of individual jaws (maxilla, mandible) during grasping indicates that both opener muscles take part in the control of gape. Denervation experiments (motor nerve section) identified these opener motoneurons as contributors to the final common path for the opening phase of grasping. A comparison of the kinematics of pecking/grasping in pigeons and reaching/grasping in humans reveals a number of similarities in the topography and spatiotemporal organization of these behaviors.
采用电影摄影和去神经支配程序相结合的方法，分析鸽子抓握过程中口裂大小调整所涉及的机制。发现口裂大小与种子大小直接相关，并反映两个变量的作用，即颌张开速度和颌张开持续时间。种子大小对头高的影响间接介导了对持续时间的影响，而头高又控制着头下降的速度。数据表明，抓握过程中口裂的控制可能涉及两种不同的效应系统（颌部肌肉、颈部肌肉）。对抓握过程中单个颌骨（上颌骨、下颌骨）位移的分析表明，两个张开肌都参与了口裂的控制。去神经支配实验（运动神经切断）确定这些张开肌运动神经元是抓握张开阶段最终共同通路的组成部分。对鸽子啄食/抓握和人类伸手/抓握的运动学比较揭示了这些行为在地形和时空组织上的一些相似之处。
