Dong Xiao-Yang, Zhou Zi-Jian, Li Zhong-Liang, Wang Peng-Fei, Wang Jun Joelle, Liu Xin-Yuan
Dongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Large-Scale Scientific Facilities, School of Physical Science, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, China.
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2025 Sep 9:e202517652. doi: 10.1002/anie.202517652.
Despite the widespread utility of transition metal-catalyzed cross-couplings in organic synthesis, the coupling of unactivated alkyl electrophiles remains challenging due to sluggish oxidative addition and competing side reactions. Here, we describe a general and practical copper-catalyzed radical deoxyalkynylation of α-unfunctionalized alcohols through a synergistic combination of Barton-McCombie deoxygenation and copper-catalyzed radical cross-coupling. Key to the success of this method lies in not only the development of rigid anionic multiple N,N,N-ligand to exert remarkable selectivity of highly reactive unactivated alkyl radicals, but also the selection of one suitable oxidant to suppress Glaser homocoupling and other side products. This method provides a complementary approach for the cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl halides, which face notable difficulties in reaction initiation and bond formation under mild thermal conditions, especially the tertiary variants. This protocol not only exhibits a broad scope with respect to both coupling partners, covering alkyl- and (hetero)aryl alkynes, as well as α-unfunctionalized primary-, secondary-, and tertiary- alcohols with good functional group compatibility, but also facilitates the late-stage functionalization of a series of important natural and bioactive complex molecules.
尽管过渡金属催化的交叉偶联反应在有机合成中具有广泛的应用,但由于氧化加成反应缓慢以及存在竞争性副反应,未活化烷基亲电试剂的偶联反应仍然具有挑战性。在此,我们描述了一种通用且实用的铜催化的α-未官能化醇的自由基脱氧炔基化反应,该反应通过巴顿-麦康比脱氧反应和铜催化的自由基交叉偶联反应的协同组合实现。该方法成功的关键不仅在于开发刚性阴离子多N,N,N-配体以对高反应性的未活化烷基自由基表现出显著的选择性,还在于选择一种合适的氧化剂以抑制格拉泽均偶联反应和其他副产物。这种方法为未活化烷基卤化物的交叉偶联提供了一种补充方法,未活化烷基卤化物在温和热条件下的反应引发和键形成方面面临显著困难,尤其是叔烷基变体。该方案不仅在偶联伙伴方面具有广泛的适用范围,涵盖烷基和(杂)芳基炔烃,以及具有良好官能团兼容性的α-未官能化伯醇、仲醇和叔醇,而且还促进了一系列重要天然和生物活性复杂分子的后期官能化。