Murnal Khushi A, Knupflemacher Daniel S, Chavez Paola A, Karanth Vishwas, Luzardo Aura C, Giner Rafael, Aguirre Erika, Patel Maitri, Ali Ramsha
Medicine, Belgaum Institute of Medical Sciences, Belgaum, IND.
Medicine, Westhill University, Mexico City, MEX.
Cureus. 2025 Aug 8;17(8):e89627. doi: 10.7759/cureus.89627. eCollection 2025 Aug.
The advancement of science and technology is an undeniable phenomenon that is progressively transforming all aspects of human life, including scientific, social, humanitarian, and environmental fields, among others. Facial reconstruction surgery has recently gained much attention owing to the incorporation of new technologies, such as bioprinting, regenerative medicine (RM), and artificial intelligence (AI) in surgery. These advancements have led to more innovative, site-specific, and optimal methods of addressing the challenges of facial reconstruction following trauma, congenital malformations, and oncological resections. However, this progress is not available in many underprivileged parts of the world, and it is significantly limited to certain populations with high economic resources. This review is designed to offer a thorough evaluation of the state of the art in facial reconstruction surgery, with regard to the deployment of bioengineered materials, AI-based surgical planning, and three-dimensional (3D) printing. It also analyzes how the most advanced techniques in facial reconstructive surgery are being implemented for the benefit of the population and how this implementation is affected by the economic disparities of each society. Facial reconstruction surgery is rapidly changing, and technology is playing a key role in this change. Nevertheless, innovation alone is not enough. For this, the effectiveness of innovation has to be combined with the best practices of implementation, which requires a multidisciplinary effort between clinicians, researchers, and policymakers, to ensure the safety, accessibility, and ethical integrity of advancements. The success of facial reconstruction surgery cannot be attributed to technological sophistication alone, but also to the frequency of improvement in the quality of life.
科学技术的进步是一个不可否认的现象，它正在逐步改变人类生活的方方面面，包括科学、社会、人文和环境等领域。面部重建手术最近备受关注，这是因为手术中融入了生物打印、再生医学（RM）和人工智能（AI）等新技术。这些进步带来了更具创新性、针对特定部位且更为优化的方法，以应对创伤、先天性畸形和肿瘤切除后面部重建的挑战。然而，世界上许多贫困地区无法获得这一进展，而且它在很大程度上限于某些拥有高经济资源的人群。本综述旨在对面部重建手术的现状进行全面评估，涉及生物工程材料的应用、基于人工智能的手术规划以及三维（3D）打印。它还分析了面部重建手术中最先进的技术是如何为民众造福的，以及这种应用是如何受到每个社会经济差距影响的。面部重建手术正在迅速变化，技术在这一变化中发挥着关键作用。然而，仅有创新是不够的。为此，创新的有效性必须与最佳实施实践相结合，这需要临床医生、研究人员和政策制定者之间的多学科努力，以确保进步的安全性、可及性和伦理完整性。面部重建手术的成功不能仅仅归因于技术的复杂性，还应归因于生活质量改善的频率。
