Pareek Anil, Alasiri Glowi, Dudhwala Yash, Alaseem Ali M, Alsaidan Omar Awad, Kapoor Devesh U, Prajapati Bhupendra G
Department of Pharmaceutics, Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology (Autonomous), Jodhpur, Rajasth, an-342001, India.
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13317, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Oct;327(Pt 2):147441. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.147441. Epub 2025 Sep 7.
Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles represent a promising platform in targeted drug delivery by merging the biocompatibility and mucoadhesiveness of chitosan with the superparamagnetic iron-oxide cores magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃). This synergy enables enhanced therapeutic precision through external magnetic guidance, controlled release, and stimuli-responsive behavior. MCNPs are particularly valuable in oncology, allowing site-specific drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, and real-time imaging via MRI. Their versatility extends to neurological, antimicrobial, and gene/protein delivery applications. Despite significant progress in synthesis techniques and surface functionalization with ligands and responsive coatings, challenges such as scalability, long-term biocompatibility, and regulatory hurdles persist. This review highlights recent advancements, addresses current limitations, and outlines future directions for clinical translation. With continued innovation, Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize personalized and precision medicine by offering integrated diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) capabilities across a broad spectrum of diseases.
磁性壳聚糖纳米颗粒通过将壳聚糖的生物相容性和粘膜粘附性与超顺磁性氧化铁核磁铁矿（Fe₃O₄）或磁赤铁矿（γ-Fe₂O₃）相结合，成为靶向药物递送领域一个很有前景的平台。这种协同作用通过外部磁引导、控释和刺激响应行为实现了更高的治疗精度。磁性壳聚糖纳米颗粒在肿瘤学中特别有价值，可实现药物的定点递送、磁热疗以及通过磁共振成像进行实时成像。它们的多功能性还扩展到神经学、抗菌以及基因/蛋白质递送应用。尽管在合成技术以及用配体和响应性涂层进行表面功能化方面取得了重大进展，但诸如可扩展性、长期生物相容性和监管障碍等挑战依然存在。本综述着重介绍了近期的进展，探讨了当前的局限性，并概述了临床转化的未来方向。随着持续创新，磁性壳聚糖纳米颗粒有可能通过提供针对广泛疾病的综合诊断和治疗（诊疗一体化）能力，给个性化和精准医学带来变革。
