Advances and Prospects in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis.

Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis (BCNE) constitutes an important subtype of infective endocarditis. Despite the rarity of BCNE, this subtype poses a significant diagnostic challenge and promotes a high mortality rate. Recent advances in diagnostic modalities have facilitated the rapid identification of BCNE. Moreover, empiric diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, supported by intensive and rigorous epidemiological and observational investigations, have yielded positive results. There is a growing inclination in clinical management toward early surgical interventions while rigorously assessing surgical risks, complications, and anticipated benefits. This review examines the epidemiology, microbiological data, and diagnoses of medical and surgical BCNE in contemporary practices.