Wilmore D W, McDougal W S, Peterson J P
Am J Clin Nutr. 1977 Sep;30(9):1498-505. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/30.9.1498.
Adequate nutritional support for the critically ill patient has evolved over the past 150 years from a time when starvation was accepted practice for patients with fever. Three to four thousand calories and other essential nutrients can now be safely provided each day to patients with infection or other critical illness. Nutrients may be provided in meals, administered by specialized enteral feedings, or infused intravenously. Nutrient mixtures with a high proportion of carbohydrate and protein appear the best dietary therapy to maintain body protein and support other organ systems and and cellular functions. New products and formulas offer the physician a wide variety of techniques for providing adequate nutrition to all patients with critical illness.
在过去150年里，对重症患者的充分营养支持已有所发展，曾几何时，让发烧患者挨饿是普遍做法。如今，每天可以安全地为感染或其他重症患者提供3000至4000卡路里的热量及其他必需营养素。营养物质可以通过膳食提供，通过专门的肠内喂养给予，或静脉输注。碳水化合物和蛋白质比例高的营养混合物似乎是维持机体蛋白质、支持其他器官系统和细胞功能的最佳饮食疗法。新产品和配方为医生提供了多种技术手段，可为所有重症患者提供充足营养。
