Hu Xiaoshan, Liu Jihua, Hao Bingyu, Lv Yang
College of Teachers, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
PLoS One. 2025 Sep 10;20(9):e0331249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0331249. eCollection 2025.
The implementation of crisis response strategies, such as natural hazards, pandemics, and conflicts, is necessary during times of emergency. Despite the importance of these interventions, mental health outcomes in emergency situations remain poorly understood. There is a lack of research on the comparative effectiveness of different interventions. Therefore, this study addresses the following question: "How do crisis interventions affect mental health outcomes in emergencies?".
This study aims to conduct a scoping review of the impact mechanisms of crisis intervention on the mental health of witnesses or participants in the context of emergencies. The study encompassed a wide array of studies, emphasizing the efficacy of several crisis intervention modalities, such as psychological first aid and trauma-focused therapy.
Most of the existing results were based on hospitals, schools and communities as research scenarios. The findings revealed substantial beneficial effects on mental health outcomes, such as decreased symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. Nevertheless, discrepancies in the efficacy were observed depending on the nature of the emergency, the model of intervention, and the demographic variables. The study highlights the intricate nature of executing crisis interventions during emergencies, taking into account aspects such as cultural sensitivity, resource availability, and the necessity for customized approaches.
Crisis interventions are crucial in reducing the detrimental effects on mental health caused by emergencies. However, additional focused and enduring investigations are necessary to understand their efficacy in various emergency scenarios and demographics. Therefore, future research can further enrich psychological crisis intervention methods and deepen research on the impact of crisis intervention on mental health.
在紧急情况期间，实施应对自然灾害、大流行和冲突等危机的应对策略是必要的。尽管这些干预措施很重要，但紧急情况下的心理健康结果仍知之甚少。对于不同干预措施的比较效果缺乏研究。因此，本研究解决以下问题：“危机干预如何影响紧急情况下的心理健康结果？”
本研究旨在对紧急情况下危机干预对目击者或参与者心理健康的影响机制进行范围综述。该研究涵盖了广泛的研究，强调了几种危机干预方式的有效性，如心理急救和创伤聚焦疗法。
现有的大多数结果是以医院、学校和社区为研究场景。研究结果显示对心理健康结果有显著的有益影响，如创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、焦虑和抑郁症状的减轻。然而，根据紧急情况的性质、干预模式和人口统计学变量，观察到了疗效上的差异。该研究强调了在紧急情况下实施危机干预的复杂性，要考虑文化敏感性、资源可用性以及采用定制方法的必要性等方面。
危机干预对于减少紧急情况对心理健康造成的有害影响至关重要。然而，需要进行更多有针对性和持续性的调查，以了解其在各种紧急情况场景和人口统计学中的疗效。因此，未来的研究可以进一步丰富心理危机干预方法，并加深对危机干预对心理健康影响的研究。
