Candido Aline Carare, Ribeiro Sarah Aparecida Vieira, Fonseca Poliana Cristina de Almeida, Navarro Anderson Marliere, Oliveira Fabiana de Cássia Carvalho, Silva Débora Letícia Frizzi, Fontes Edimar Aparecida Filomeno, Crispim Sandra Patricia, Macedo Mariana de Souza, Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário. University Campus. 36570-900 Viçosa MG Brasil.
Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Piauí. Teresina PI Brasil.
Cien Saude Colet. 2025 Aug;30(8):e04962024. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232025308.04962024. Epub 2024 Jul 28.
The scope of this study was to characterize the iodine nutritional status of pregnant Brazilian women according to biochemical and dietary markers. It involved a cross-sectional study of 2,376 pregnant women. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to characterize the population. Urine samples were collected to investigate iodine nutritional status, and a 24-hour recall was used to assess food consumption. For the statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to verify the normality pattern, and descriptive analyses were conducted. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 186.6 µg/L. There was a 36.7% prevalence of iodine deficiency, 28.7% of iodine excess and 3.6% of iodine deficiency. The median iodine concentration was 26.6 mg/kg in salt, 1.1 mg/100 g in seasonings, 2.9 µg/L in water and 19.4 µg/100 g in fresh food. The average iodine intake was 160.2 µg. When assessing dietary intake, 49.8% of the pregnant women had a habitual iodine intake below 160 µg and none had an excessive intake. The conclusion drawn is that the median UIC showed adequate iodine nutritional status, though a high prevalence of iodine deficiency and excess was observed. In addition, iodine nutritional status varied, which may reflect socioeconomic and health inequalities.
本研究的范围是根据生化和饮食指标来描述巴西孕妇的碘营养状况。该研究涉及对2376名孕妇的横断面研究。使用半结构化问卷对人群进行特征描述。收集尿液样本以调查碘营养状况，并采用24小时回顾法评估食物摄入量。对于统计分析，应用夏皮罗-威尔克检验来验证正态分布模式，并进行描述性分析。尿碘中位数浓度（UIC）为186.6µg/L。碘缺乏患病率为36.7%，碘过量患病率为28.7%，碘缺乏患病率为3.6%。盐中的碘中位数浓度为26.6mg/kg，调味料中的碘中位数浓度为1.1mg/100g，水中的碘中位数浓度为2.9µg/L，新鲜食物中的碘中位数浓度为19.4µg/100g。平均碘摄入量为160.2µg。在评估饮食摄入量时，49.8%的孕妇习惯性碘摄入量低于160µg，且无一人碘摄入量过高。得出的结论是，尽管观察到碘缺乏和过量的患病率较高，但尿碘中位数显示碘营养状况充足。此外，碘营养状况存在差异，这可能反映了社会经济和健康方面的不平等。
