Verissimo Thaís Milena da Silva Mesquita, Montarroyos Ulisses Ramos, Montenegro Demetrius, França Neto Cláudio Luiz, Mariz Carolline Araújo
Universidade de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2025 Sep 8;34:e20240162. doi: 10.1590/S2237-96222025v34e20240162.en. eCollection 2025.
To estimate the incidence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and post-vaccination infection in nursing professionals.
This was a prospective, descriptive, and analytical cohort study conducted in Recife from March 2020 to January 2023, following 399 nursing professionals. The cumulative incidences of COVID-19 infection and reinfection were estimated with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI).
Among the participants, 71.9% (95%CI 67.3; 76.1) had SARS-CoV-2 infection; of these, 26.6% (95%CI 22.5; 31.1) were reinfected. Regarding the timing of infection, 46.4% (95%CI 41.5; 51.3) of participants were infected before the first dose of the vaccine. After the first dose, the incidence of infection decreased to 25.6% (95%CI 21.5; 30.1), highlighting the importance of vaccination. Nursing technicians were the category with the highest risk of infection. Women were at higher risk of infection and reinfection.
This finding of a reduced occurrence of infections among individuals vaccinated with at least one dose and with a history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection reinforces the evidence base for hybrid immunity. However, despite the number of infections and reinfections among these professionals, further research is needed to systematize information on primary and recurrent infection cases in this population group, in order to enhance understanding of the phenomenon and improve surveillance processes, as well as prevention, control, and care measures targeting this professional category.
评估护理专业人员中新型冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）再次感染及接种疫苗后感染的发生率和相关因素。
这是一项前瞻性、描述性和分析性队列研究，于2020年3月至2023年1月在累西腓进行，跟踪了399名护理专业人员。采用95%置信区间（95%CI）估计新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）感染和再次感染的累积发生率。
在参与者中，71.9%（95%CI 67.3；76.1）感染了SARS-CoV-2；其中，26.6%（95%CI 22.5；31.1）再次感染。关于感染时间，46.4%（95%CI 41.5；51.3）的参与者在接种第一剂疫苗之前就已感染。接种第一剂疫苗后，感染发生率降至25.6%（95%CI 21.5；30.1），突出了疫苗接种的重要性。护理技术员是感染风险最高的类别。女性感染和再次感染的风险更高。
这一发现表明，至少接种过一剂疫苗且有SARS-CoV-2既往感染史的个体感染发生率降低，这进一步支持了混合免疫的证据基础。然而，尽管这些专业人员中存在感染和再次感染的情况，但仍需要进一步研究，以便将该人群原发性和复发性感染病例的信息系统化，从而加深对这一现象的理解，改善监测流程以及针对这一专业类别的预防、控制和护理措施。
