Jiang Jiamei, Han Ranran, Ren Honglei, Yao Yang, Jiang Wei
Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Ann Med. 2025 Dec;57(1):2559122. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2559122. Epub 2025 Sep 11.
(L.) Urb., a traditional medicinal plant widely distributed in Southeast Asia, has been demonstrated to possess significant neuroprotective effect. However, the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of (CA) in treating neurological diseases remain to be further explored. This review synthesizes evidence on CA's pharmacokinetics, antioxidant/anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and therapeutic potential in various neurological disorders.
Evidence shows CA can mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal apoptosis-key mechanisms underlying these conditions. In epilepsy models, asiatic acid suppresses glutamate release, improves synaptic and mitochondrial function, and reduces neuronal damage. In neurodegenerative diseases, CA extracts enhance memory and cognitive functions by activating antioxidant response pathways and protecting hippocampal mitochondria from oxidative stress. CA extracts also display anticonvulsant effects without major toxicity. Against Bisphenol A-induced neurotoxicity, CA alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation while restoring mitochondrial function. For radiation-induced brain injury, CA improves cognition and memory antioxidant pathways and anti-inflammatory effects. In cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, asiaticoside reduces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation through NOD2/MAPK/NF-κB pathway modulation and microglial regulation. Recent research suggests that CA also plays a significant role in alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression. The plant's active components have been found to regulate neurotransmitter activity, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
CA demonstrates broad neuroprotective potential, offering multi-target benefits with relatively low toxicity. These findings support its development as a novel therapeutic agent for neurological disorders. Further clinical research is warranted to confirm safety, optimize dosing, and translate preclinical results into effective human treatments.
（植物学名），一种广泛分布于东南亚的传统药用植物，已被证明具有显著的神经保护作用。然而，（该植物中某成分）在治疗神经疾病方面的药理和分子机制仍有待进一步探索。本综述综合了关于（该成分）的药代动力学、抗氧化/抗炎机制以及在各种神经疾病中的治疗潜力的证据。
证据表明（该成分）可以减轻氧化应激、炎症、线粒体功能障碍和神经元凋亡，这些是这些病症的关键机制。在癫痫模型中，积雪草苷抑制谷氨酸释放，改善突触和线粒体功能，并减少神经元损伤。在神经退行性疾病中，（该植物提取物）通过激活抗氧化反应途径和保护海马线粒体免受氧化应激来增强记忆和认知功能。（该植物提取物）还显示出抗惊厥作用且无重大毒性。针对双酚A诱导的神经毒性，（该成分）减轻氧化应激和炎症，同时恢复线粒体功能。对于辐射诱导的脑损伤，（该成分）通过抗氧化途径和抗炎作用改善认知和记忆。在脑缺血再灌注损伤中，积雪草苷通过调节NOD2/MAPK/NF-κB途径和小胶质细胞来减少氧化应激和神经炎症。最近的研究表明，（该成分）在减轻焦虑和抑郁症状方面也发挥着重要作用。已发现该植物的活性成分可调节神经递质活性，减少氧化应激，并调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴。
（该成分）显示出广泛的神经保护潜力，具有多靶点益处且毒性相对较低。这些发现支持将其开发为神经疾病的新型治疗剂。有必要进行进一步的临床研究以确认安全性、优化剂量，并将临床前结果转化为有效的人类治疗方法。
