Shen Hui, Xie Yongxiang
Department of Sociology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Aug 26;13:1608189. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1608189. eCollection 2025.
Domestic violence (DV) against women is a worldwide public health problem. This study explored the dynamics of DV in China from 1990 to 2010.
Based on nationally representative data from the 1990, 2000, and 2010 China Women's Social Status Survey (CWSS) involving 29,995 women, we employed the Hierarchical APC-Cross-Classified Random Effects Models (HAPC-CCREM) to disentangle the effects of age, period and cohort on DV trends.
The reported overall prevalence of DV substantially declined from 26.7% in 1990 to 5.4% in 2010. The decline was more pronounced in rural areas (from 31.9 to 7.8%) than in urban areas (from 21.4 to 3.2%). The highest prevalence of reported violence occurred among women aged 30-34. However, among rural women, the risk increased with age. The period effect revealed a consistent decline in women's risk of DV over time, with rural areas showing a faster reduction than urban areas. The cohort effect indicated a significant decrease in risk for women born between 1976 and 1990 compared to earlier cohorts. Among urban women, the risk remained relatively stable across cohorts, whereas rural women experienced a marked decline.
Overall, the risk of DV against women showed a downward trend. Distinct age, period, and cohort effects were observed, with a higher risk among women aged 30-34 and a lower risk among those born after 1975. The disparity in DV risk between urban and rural women narrowed over time and across birth cohorts. These patterns may be linked to broader shifts such as anti-domestic violence legislation, public health education, and improvements in women's socio-economic status.
针对妇女的家庭暴力是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。本研究探讨了1990年至2010年中国家庭暴力的动态变化。
基于1990年、2000年和2010年中国妇女社会地位调查（CWSS）的全国代表性数据，涉及29995名妇女，我们采用分层年龄-时期-队列交叉分类随机效应模型（HAPC-CCREM）来剖析年龄、时期和队列对家庭暴力趋势的影响。
报告的家庭暴力总体患病率从1990年的26.7%大幅下降至2010年的5.4%。农村地区的下降更为明显（从31.9%降至7.8%），高于城市地区（从21.4%降至3.2%）。报告的暴力行为患病率最高的是年龄在30 - 34岁的女性。然而，在农村妇女中，风险随年龄增长而增加。时期效应显示，随着时间推移，妇女遭受家庭暴力的风险持续下降，农村地区的下降速度比城市地区更快。队列效应表明，与早期队列相比，1976年至1990年出生的女性风险显著降低。在城市女性中，各队列的风险相对稳定，而农村女性则经历了显著下降。
总体而言，针对妇女的家庭暴力风险呈下降趋势。观察到了明显的年龄、时期和队列效应，30 - 34岁的女性风险较高，1975年以后出生的女性风险较低。城市和农村女性在家庭暴力风险方面的差距随着时间推移和不同出生队列而缩小。这些模式可能与反家庭暴力立法、公共卫生教育以及妇女社会经济地位改善等更广泛的变化有关。
