Global Women's Institute, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
BMJ Glob Health. 2020 Apr 14;5(4):e002339. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002339. eCollection 2020.
Although intimate partner violence (IPV) affects an estimated one out of three women globally, evidence on violence prevention is still scarce. No studies have measured long-term change in larger populations over a prolonged period.
The aim of this study was to measure changes in the prevalence of IPV in León, Nicaragua, between 1995 and 2016. The 2016 study interviewed 846 ever-partnered women aged 15 to 49 regarding experiences of physical, sexual and emotional IPV. These findings were analysed together with comparable data collected from 354 women in 1995. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was carried out on a pooled data set to identify differences between the two studies while controlling for potential confounding factors.
Lifetime physical IPV decreased from 54.8 to 27.6 per cent (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.37; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.49) and 12-month prevalence of physical IPV decreased from 28.2 to 8.3 per cent (AOR 0.29; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.42), respectively. Similar decreases were found in lifetime and 12-month emotional IPV. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of lifetime sexual violence between the two time periods.
The results suggest that the reduction in IPV was not due to demographic shifts, such as increased education or age, but reflects a true decrease in the prevalence of IPV. The decrease is not likely to have occurred on its own, and may be attributable to multisectoral efforts by the Nicaraguan government, international donors and the Nicaraguan women's movement to increase women's knowledge of their rights, as well as access to justice and services for survivors during this time period.
尽管全球约有三分之一的女性遭受亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的影响，但有关预防暴力的证据仍然很少。没有研究在较长时间内衡量较大人群的长期变化。
本研究旨在衡量尼加拉瓜莱昂市 1995 年至 2016 年间 IPV 流行率的变化。2016 年的研究采访了 846 名 15 至 49 岁的曾经有伴侣的女性，询问她们遭受身体、性和情感 IPV 的经历。这些发现与 1995 年从 354 名女性收集的可比数据一起进行了分析。对合并数据集进行多变量逻辑回归建模，以在控制潜在混杂因素的情况下，确定两项研究之间的差异。
终生身体 IPV 从 54.8%降至 27.6%（调整后的 OR (AOR) 0.37；95% CI 0.28 至 0.49），12 个月身体 IPV 的患病率从 28.2%降至 8.3%（AOR 0.29；95% CI 0.20 至 0.42）。终生和 12 个月的情感 IPV 也出现了类似的下降。两个时期之间，终生性暴力的患病率没有显著差异。
结果表明，IPV 的减少不是由于教育程度或年龄等人口结构变化所致，而是反映了 IPV 流行率的真实下降。这种下降不太可能自行发生，可能归因于尼加拉瓜政府、国际捐助者和尼加拉瓜妇女运动在这一时期为增加妇女对自身权利的认识，以及为幸存者提供诉诸司法和服务的机会，开展了多部门努力。
