Yáñez Ramil Uxía, Jezierska Sylwia, Krupa Milena, Bogado Pascottini Osvaldo
School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Unidad de Reproducción y Obstetricia Veterinaria, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
Anim Reprod. 2025 Sep 1;22(3):e20250030. doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2025-0030. eCollection 2025.
Reproductive tract inflammatory diseases (RTID) present significant health challenges in domestic animals, impacting welfare, fertility, and productivity. Traditionally, antibiotics have been the primary treatment for these conditions, however, the rise of antimicrobial resistance calls for alternative approaches. The microbiome of the female reproductive tract plays a vital role in maintaining reproductive health, and emerging evidence suggests that microbiome-based therapies, such as 'natural' or 'synthetic' microbiome transplantation, may offer sustainable solutions for RTID management. This review explores the composition and dynamics of the reproductive microbiome in both healthy and diseased states in cows, mares, sows, dogs, and cats. It also examines current treatments and the potential for microbiome-based interventions to replace or complement antibiotic therapies. Although research on microbiome-based therapies for preventing or treating RTID in domestic animals is virtually non-existent, vaginal and uterine microbiomes transplantation in mice and women show promise but require further investigation to evaluate their efficacy and safety across species with varying reproductive physiologies. Additionally, synthetic microbiome therapies present a controlled and reproducible alternative, though they face challenges in design, engraftment, and regulatory approval. The transition from antibiotic dependence to microbiome-based solutions marks a paradigm shift in veterinary medicine, but successful implementation demands a deeper understanding of host-microbiome interactions, rigorous safety protocols, and species-specific research.
生殖道炎性疾病（RTID）给家畜带来了重大的健康挑战，影响着其健康、繁殖力和生产力。传统上，抗生素一直是治疗这些疾病的主要手段，然而，抗菌药物耐药性的增加促使人们寻求替代方法。雌性生殖道微生物群在维持生殖健康方面起着至关重要的作用，新出现的证据表明，基于微生物群的疗法，如“天然”或“合成”微生物群移植，可能为RTID的管理提供可持续的解决方案。本综述探讨了奶牛、母马、母猪、犬类和猫科动物在健康和患病状态下生殖微生物群的组成和动态变化。它还研究了当前的治疗方法以及基于微生物群的干预措施替代或补充抗生素治疗的潜力。尽管几乎没有关于基于微生物群的疗法预防或治疗家畜RTID的研究，但小鼠和女性的阴道及子宫微生物群移植显示出了前景，但需要进一步研究以评估其在具有不同生殖生理的物种中的疗效和安全性。此外，合成微生物群疗法提供了一种可控且可重复的替代方案，不过它们在设计、植入和监管批准方面面临挑战。从对抗生素的依赖向基于微生物群的解决方案的转变标志着兽医学的范式转变，但要成功实施这一转变，需要更深入地了解宿主与微生物群的相互作用、严格的安全协议以及针对特定物种的研究。
