Jugder Bat-Erdene, Park Eunchong, Du Lijuan, Jawale Chetan, Popov Nikolay, Guo Zengli, Bednar Kyle J, Ort Tatiana
Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, United States.
Bioscience Immunology, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States.
Front Immunol. 2025 Aug 26;16:1650451. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1650451. eCollection 2025.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are central to immune homeostasis and controlling inflammation through multiple mechanisms, however, recent discoveries and advances in technology reveal that Tregs exert a diverse array of functions beyond mere immunosuppression, adapting uniquely to the specialized environments of tissues. This review delves into the multifaceted, tissue-specific mechanisms of Tregs, highlighting their roles in tissue repair, inflammatory modulation, and tolerance maintenance. We explore the developmental, functional, and metabolic pathways that drive Treg specialization across distinct organs, such as the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, joints, skin, and lungs, and examine how these insights advance the design of novel, targeted therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. This review will emphasize non-suppressive functions, discussing how Tregs can be harnessed in therapeutic applications tailored to specific tissue microenvironments, offering a promising new direction for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
调节性T细胞（Tregs）对于免疫稳态以及通过多种机制控制炎症至关重要。然而，最近的发现和技术进步表明，Tregs发挥的功能远不止单纯的免疫抑制，它们能独特地适应组织的特殊环境。本综述深入探讨了Tregs多方面的、组织特异性机制，强调了它们在组织修复、炎症调节和维持耐受性方面的作用。我们探索了驱动Tregs在不同器官（如中枢神经系统、胃肠道、关节、皮肤和肺）中特化的发育、功能和代谢途径，并研究这些见解如何推动针对自身免疫性和炎症性疾病的新型靶向治疗的设计。本综述将强调非抑制性功能，讨论如何在针对特定组织微环境的治疗应用中利用Tregs，为自身免疫性疾病的治疗提供一个有前景的新方向。
