Alshammari Mutairah S, Mohamed Amro H, Mohamed Samah A, Ahmed Hussein M
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, 72341, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Housing and Building National Research Center (HBRC), Sanitary & Engineering and Environmental Institute, Giza, 12613, Dokki, Egypt.
PLoS One. 2025 Sep 11;20(9):e0332132. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0332132. eCollection 2025.
Wastewater treatment is essential for protecting water resources and public health. Zeolite-based adsorbents offer an effective and sustainable solution for this purpose, providing high selectivity and regeneration potential. Zeolites are inorganic, highly crystalline, micro-porous materials composed of aluminotecto-silicates (SiO₄ and AlO₄ tetrahedral). Synthetic zeolites are commercially favored over natural ones due to their higher purity, crystallinity, and uniform pore size. Na A. zeolite (NaAZ) is a type of synthetic zeolite widely used in various applications, including wastewater treatment, due to its excellent adsorption and ion-exchange properties. This study focus on synthesize zeolite A from meta-kaolinite using a wet chemical method. The synthesis involves a hydrothermal process in which chemical reagents are mixed in an aqueous medium and heated under controlled conditions. The resulting (NaAZ) was characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). This study evaluates the synthesized (NaAZ) for the removal of chemical oxygen demand from synthetic wastewater. Various parameters affecting adsorption such as contact time pH, temperature, and adsorbent dosage were investigated. The optimized conditions were then applied to real wastewater, and the material was further tested for its antitoxic and antibacterial properties. The in vitro antibacterial activity of NaAZ was assessed against both Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442). Under optimal conditions contact time (40 min), pH (6-7), and adsorbent dosage (0.25 g) the removal efficiencies for COD, TSS, TKN, and PO₄3⁻ were 90.69%, 90.41%, 73.75%, and 68.85%, respectively.
废水处理对于保护水资源和公众健康至关重要。基于沸石的吸附剂为此提供了一种有效且可持续的解决方案，具有高选择性和再生潜力。沸石是由铝硅酸盐（SiO₄ 和 AlO₄ 四面体）组成的无机、高度结晶的微孔材料。合成沸石因其更高的纯度、结晶度和均匀的孔径而在商业上比天然沸石更受青睐。Na A. 沸石（NaAZ）是一种合成沸石，由于其优异的吸附和离子交换性能，广泛应用于包括废水处理在内的各种应用中。本研究重点在于使用湿化学方法从偏高岭土合成沸石 A。合成过程涉及水热过程，即将化学试剂在水性介质中混合并在受控条件下加热。所得的（NaAZ）使用布鲁诺尔 - 埃米特 - 泰勒（BET）表面积分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT - IR）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDX）进行表征。本研究评估合成的（NaAZ）对合成废水中化学需氧量的去除效果。研究了影响吸附的各种参数，如接触时间、pH、温度和吸附剂用量。然后将优化条件应用于实际废水，并进一步测试该材料的抗毒性和抗菌性能。评估了 NaAZ 对革兰氏阳性菌（枯草芽孢杆菌 ATCC 6633、金黄色葡萄球菌 ATCC 6538、粪肠球菌 ATCC 19433）和革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌 ATCC 25922、产气肠杆菌 ATCC 13048、铜绿假单胞菌 ATCC 15442）的体外抗菌活性。在最佳条件下（接触时间 40 分钟、pH 6 - 7、吸附剂用量 0.25 克），对 COD、TSS、TKN 和 PO₄3⁻ 的去除效率分别为 90.69%、90.41%、73.75% 和 68.85%。
