Yamada-Goto Nobuko, Sei Nahomi, Murai-Takeda Ayano, Azegami Tatsuhiko, Sakakibara-Adachi Keika, Hayashi Kaori, Inokuchi Mikako, Hirose Hiroshi
Keio University Health Center, Kanagawa, Japan.
Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Hypertens Res. 2025 Sep 11. doi: 10.1038/s41440-025-02370-1.
Obesity-related hypertension is increasing in Japan, but limited evidence exists on how weight change in early adulthood affects blood pressure (BP). We aimed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between weight change and BP among Japanese university students. We analyzed data from 20,929 first-year students who underwent annual health checkups at Keio University from 2013 to 2016 and again three years later. Students were categorized into seven groups by percentage weight change. Associations between weight change and changes in systolic and diastolic BP (ΔSBP/ΔDBP) were examined using sex-stratified analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Weight gain was linked to BP increases, while weight loss was associated with BP reductions. In men, weight gain >3% increased SBP and DBP, and weight loss >3% reduced SBP; DBP reduction was evident with >10% weight loss. In women, SBP increased with weight gain >5%, and DBP increased with >10% weight gain; SBP decreased with >10% weight loss. RCS models revealed nonlinear, dose-dependent associations with sex-specific patterns. Absolute BMI was also positively associated with BP, with inflection points consistently observed at BMI 21.6 kg/m² for SBP and DBP in women, and for DBP in men. Even moderate weight changes over three years significantly influenced BP, with SBP being more responsive than DBP and stronger effects observed in men. These findings suggest that even during shorter periods in young adults, body weight change has a high impact on BP and highlight the potential public health benefits of strategies aimed at preventing weight gain throughout adulthood. This study examined the longitudinal impact of weight change on blood pressure in university students in Japan. Weight gain increased ΔSBP and ΔDBP, while weight loss decreased them. Effects were stronger for SBP and more pronounced in men. Even during shorter periods in young adults, body weight change has a high impact on BP.
肥胖相关高血压在日本呈上升趋势，但关于成年早期体重变化如何影响血压（BP）的证据有限。我们旨在研究日本大学生体重变化与血压之间的纵向关系。我们分析了2013年至2016年在庆应义塾大学接受年度健康检查的20929名一年级学生的数据，三年后再次进行检查。学生按体重变化百分比分为七组。使用性别分层分析和受限立方样条（RCS）模型检查体重变化与收缩压和舒张压变化（ΔSBP/ΔDBP）之间的关联。体重增加与血压升高有关，而体重减轻与血压降低有关。在男性中，体重增加>3%会使收缩压和舒张压升高，体重减轻>3%会使收缩压降低；体重减轻>10%时舒张压明显降低。在女性中，体重增加>5%时收缩压升高，体重增加>10%时舒张压升高；体重减轻>10%时收缩压降低。RCS模型显示出具有性别特异性模式的非线性、剂量依赖性关联。绝对体重指数（BMI）也与血压呈正相关，女性收缩压和舒张压以及男性舒张压在BMI为21.6 kg/m²时始终观察到拐点。即使三年中适度的体重变化也会显著影响血压，收缩压比舒张压更敏感，且在男性中观察到的影响更强。这些发现表明，即使在年轻人较短的时期内，体重变化对血压也有很大影响，并突出了旨在预防成年期体重增加的策略的潜在公共卫生益处。本研究考察了体重变化对日本大学生血压的纵向影响。体重增加会使ΔSBP和ΔDBP升高，而体重减轻会使其降低。对收缩压的影响更强，在男性中更明显。即使在年轻人较短的时期内，体重变化对血压也有很大影响。
