Horawski Jennifer L, Fleszar-Pavlovic Sara E, Lopez-Pentecost Melissa, Crane Tracy E, Wheeler Madalyn G, Kholodovsky Eric, Best Thomas M
Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Sports Med Health Sci. 2025 Jan 21;7(5):384-392. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2025.01.002. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Cancer induced cachexia, the involuntary loss of lean body mass and adipose tissue, is a debilitating syndrome experienced in up to 80% of all cancer patients. Cachexia is associated with poor treatment outcomes including decreased quality of life, increased risk of infection, disease progression, and mortality. Recent research suggests that exercise interventions may improve cachexia; however, there is a need for comprehensive and systematic review of the literature to evaluate the role of specific interventions on cancer-induced cachexia.
We conducted a systematic review examining the efficacy of physical activity interventions, particularly resistance training, on cancer-induced cachexia outcomes. We searched seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsychINFO, Cochrane) for articles published up to September 2023, yielding 7 eligible studies.
Sample sizes ranged from 20 to 190 participants per study. Studies included pancreatic ( = 3), head & neck ( = 3), and Gastrointestinal ( = 1) cancers. Mean age ranged from 51.90 to 67.1 years old and females comprised 51% of the participants. Most studies implemented resistance training interventions (73%), ranging from 3 months to 6 months in duration. Although the patterns of outcomes indicate promising results, the effect sizes for all models were small and not statistically significant.
The science of exercise interventions to improve outcomes in those with cancer-related cachexia is still emerging although progressive resistance training appears to be the most promising countermeasure. Authors encourage the development of high-quality, fully powered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining physical exercise interventions aimed at mitigating cancer-induced cachexia.
癌症诱发的恶病质是指瘦体重和脂肪组织的非自愿性丧失，是高达80%的癌症患者都会经历的一种使人衰弱的综合征。恶病质与不良治疗结果相关，包括生活质量下降、感染风险增加、疾病进展和死亡率上升。近期研究表明，运动干预可能改善恶病质；然而，需要对文献进行全面系统的综述，以评估特定干预措施对癌症诱发恶病质的作用。
我们进行了一项系统综述，研究体育活动干预，特别是抗阻训练，对癌症诱发恶病质结局的疗效。我们在七个电子数据库（PubMed、Embase、EBSCO、SCOPUS、科学引文索引、PsychINFO、Cochrane）中检索截至2023年9月发表的文章，得到7项符合条件的研究。
每项研究的样本量从20名到190名参与者不等。研究包括胰腺癌（n = 3）、头颈癌（n = 3）和胃肠道癌（n = 1）。平均年龄在51.90岁至67.1岁之间，女性占参与者的51%。大多数研究实施了抗阻训练干预（73%），持续时间从3个月到6个月不等。尽管结局模式显示出有希望的结果，但所有模型的效应量都很小且无统计学意义。
尽管渐进性抗阻训练似乎是最有前景的对策，但改善癌症相关恶病质患者结局的运动干预科学仍在不断发展。作者鼓励开展高质量、充分有力的随机对照试验（RCT），以研究旨在减轻癌症诱发恶病质的体育锻炼干预措施。
