Follow-up and risk factors of pregnant women with gestational diabetes in Morocco.

BACKGROUND

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a significant global public health challenge, posing substantial risks to both maternal and foetal health.

AIM

This study analysed risk factors, follow-up, management approaches and obstetric complications in pregnant women with GDM.

SETTING

This study was conducted in Southern Morocco.

METHODS

This multicentre retrospective cross-sectional study analysed 297 patient files ( = 120 with GDM) from four maternity hospitals (2019-2023). Data were collected via a standardised form. Statistical analysis included descriptive summaries, group comparisons (Chi-square, Fisher's -test, Mann-Whitney ) and logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) using SPSS version 27.

RESULTS

Gestational diabetes mellitus screening was inconsistent: only 17% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.5% - 25.6%) of women were screened before 24 weeks of amenorrhea, and 38% (95% CI: 29.8% - 47.5%) between 24 weeks and 28 weeks. The oral glucose tolerance test 75 g was not used. Gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with caesarean delivery (OR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.29-4.92; = 0.007 and preeclampsia 5.95 (95% CI: 1.21-29.21; = 0.028). Risk factors for GDM included maternal age over 35 years and obesity (body mass index [BMI]: ≥ 30). A history of prematurity showed a significant association with GDM, with adjuster OR (aOR) of 3.47 (95% CI: 1.36-8.79; < 0.011).

CONCLUSION

Preventing maternal complications from GDM relies on raising women's awareness about the importance of screening and monitoring during pregnancy in Southern Morocco.

CONTRIBUTION

This study highlights the necessity of strengthening GDM screening and targeted management strategies for at-risk pregnant women in Morocco, particularly in the southern region.