Wang Mei, Liu Zhenchang, Yang Fulin, Bu Quan, Song Xianghai, Yuan Shouqi
School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Institute of the Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Aug 24;15(17):1305. doi: 10.3390/nano15171305.
Pesticides are essential for modern agriculture but leave harmful residues that threaten human health and ecosystems. This paper reviews key pesticide detection technologies, including chromatography and mass spectrometry, spectroscopic methods, biosensing (aptamer/enzyme sensors), and emerging technologies (nanomaterials, AI). Chromatography-mass spectrometry remains the gold standard for lab-based precision, while spectroscopic techniques enable non-destructive, multi-component analysis. Biosensors offer portable, real-time field detection with high specificity. Emerging innovations, such as nano-enhanced sensors and AI-driven data analysis, are improving sensitivity and efficiency. Despite progress, challenges persist in sensitivity, cost, and operational complexity. Future research should focus on biomimetic materials for specificity, femtogram-level nano-enhanced detection, microfluidic "sample-to-result" systems, and cost-effective smart manufacturing. Addressing these gaps will strengthen food safety from farm to table while protecting ecological balance. This overview aids researchers in method selection, supports regulatory optimization, and evaluates sustainable pest control strategies.
农药对现代农业至关重要，但会留下有害残留物，威胁人类健康和生态系统。本文综述了关键的农药检测技术，包括色谱法和质谱法、光谱方法、生物传感（适体/酶传感器）以及新兴技术（纳米材料、人工智能）。色谱 - 质谱联用仍然是基于实验室的高精度检测的金标准，而光谱技术能够进行无损的多组分分析。生物传感器提供具有高特异性的便携式实时现场检测。诸如纳米增强传感器和人工智能驱动的数据分析等新兴创新正在提高灵敏度和效率。尽管取得了进展，但在灵敏度、成本和操作复杂性方面仍然存在挑战。未来的研究应专注于用于提高特异性的仿生材料、飞克级别的纳米增强检测、微流控“样品到结果”系统以及具有成本效益的智能制造。解决这些差距将加强从农场到餐桌的食品安全，同时保护生态平衡。本综述有助于研究人员进行方法选择，支持监管优化，并评估可持续的害虫控制策略。
