Wang Xiaobin, Guo Junliang, Yang Zixin, Zhang Yuqiu, Leng Jinyong, Yu Qiang, Wu Jian
College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Display Materials and Chips & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2025 Sep 5;15(17):1374. doi: 10.3390/nano15171374.
Non-mechanical beam steering is required for holographic displays, free-space optical communication, and chip-scale LiDAR. Optical phased arrays (OPAs), which allow for inertia-free, high-speed beam control via electronic phase control, are an important research topic. The present study investigates the primary material platform for on-chip OPAs: Liquid crystal OPAs (LC-OPAs) employ electrically tunable refractive indices for low-voltage operation; lithium niobate OPAs (LN-OPAs) utilize high electro-optic coefficients for high-speed, low-power consumption, and large-bandwidth operation; and silicon-based OPAs (Si-OPAs) apply mature photonic integration to achieve high integration density and GHz-range steering. The paper thoroughly examines OPA basics, recent material-specific advancements, performance benchmarks, outstanding issues, and future prospects.
全息显示、自由空间光通信和芯片级激光雷达都需要非机械光束转向。光学相控阵（OPA）通过电子相位控制实现无惯性、高速光束控制，是一个重要的研究课题。本研究调查了片上OPA的主要材料平台：液晶OPA（LC-OPA）利用电可调折射率实现低电压操作；铌酸锂OPA（LN-OPA）利用高电光系数实现高速、低功耗和大带宽操作；硅基OPA（Si-OPA）应用成熟的光子集成技术实现高集成密度和GHz范围的转向。本文全面研究了OPA的基础知识、近期特定材料的进展、性能基准、突出问题和未来前景。
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