Shwetar Yousif J, Haendel Melissa A
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0587-4693.
Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2025 Sep 2;14(9):17. doi: 10.1167/tvst.14.9.17.
To evaluate discrete wavelet transform (DWT) features as quantitative biomarkers of macular cone function from pattern electroretinography (PERG) in macular-predominant inherited retinal diseases (mpIRDs).
In total, 486 PERG recordings from 123 participants were obtained from the PERG-Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology open-access data set and analyzed. Twenty mother wavelets were screened with an energy-to-entropy ratio criterion; six (haar, sym2, sym4, db4, coif1, fk4) were retained for feature generation. After feature cleaning and correlation pruning, a final set of 141 features was obtained and averaged per participant to avoid visit bias. Group separation was assessed with nonparametric statistics. Inverse-DWT signal reconstruction was performed with the sym2 wavelet to algorithmically determine time-frequency indices needed to preserve N35, P50, and N95 peaks. The smallest set of indices that achieved this was retained.
Sym2-D6-2 (38-75 ms, 13-27 Hz) emerged as the top discriminative feature (res = 0.644, common-language effect size = 0.875) and correlated strongly with the clinical macular cone marker |P50-N35| (rcorr = 0.95) across 67 normal participants (262 recordings). Compared with |P50-N35|, the same index showed tighter, nonoverlapping group distributions, a higher diagnostic area under the curve (0.875 vs. 0.835), and a larger effect size (res = 0.644 vs. 0.576).
DWT-derived time-frequency features, particularly sym2-D6-2, provide robust, multidimensional biomarkers of macular cone function. These quantitative endpoints hold promise for monitoring disease progression and evaluating therapeutics in mpIRDs.
Sym2-D6-2 provides an objective metric of macular cone function that could serve as a quantitative endpoint in mpIRD trials.
评估离散小波变换（DWT）特征作为黄斑为主型遗传性视网膜疾病（mpIRD）中模式视网膜电图（PERG）黄斑视锥细胞功能定量生物标志物的作用。
从应用眼生物物理学研究所的PERG开放获取数据集中获取了123名参与者的486份PERG记录并进行分析。用能量熵比标准筛选出20个母小波；保留6个（哈尔小波、sym2、sym4、db4、coif1、fk4）用于特征生成。经过特征清理和相关性修剪后，获得了一组最终的141个特征，并对每位参与者进行平均以避免就诊偏倚。用非参数统计评估组间分离情况。用sym2小波进行逆DWT信号重建，以算法确定保留N35、P50和N95峰值所需的时频指标。保留实现此目的的最小指标集。
Sym2-D6-2（38 - 75毫秒，13 - 27赫兹）成为最具鉴别力的特征（res = 0.644，通用语言效应量 = 0.875），并且在67名正常参与者（262份记录）中与临床黄斑视锥细胞标志物|P50 - N35|高度相关（rcorr = 0.95）。与|P50 - N35|相比，相同指标显示出更紧密、不重叠的组分布，更高的曲线下诊断面积（0.875对0.835）和更大的效应量（res = 0.644对0.576）。
DWT衍生的时频特征，特别是sym2-D6-2，提供了强大的、多维的黄斑视锥细胞功能生物标志物。这些定量终点有望用于监测mpIRD的疾病进展和评估治疗效果。
Sym2-D6-2提供了一种黄斑视锥细胞功能的客观指标，可作为mpIRD试验中的定量终点。
