Wang Huijuan, Lin Ling, Jin Wangyang, Liang Zibin, Hu Siling, Zhu Aiyi, Jiang Lihua
National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
Pingyang Branch of Wenzhou Ecological Environment Bureau, Environmental Protection Building, No. 269 Huishuihe RoadPingyang CountyZhejiang Province, Kunyang TownWenzhou City, 325400, China.
Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2025 Sep 12;27(5):138. doi: 10.1007/s10126-025-10514-0.
In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, and their 1:1 mixture were introduced into the aquaculture system of Micropterus salmoides for a duration of 42 days. Subsequently, a challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila was performed. The objective was to evaluate the immunomodulatory and microbiota-regulating effects of these probiotics, with emphasis on intestinal microbial composition and serum metabolome shifts in treated versus control groups before and after infection. Results revealed a significant reduction in the relative abundance of A. hydrophila in the intestines of probiotic-treated fish (p < 0.05). Histological observations indicated improved intestinal integrity in treated groups. Metabolomic analysis identified significant alterations in serum compounds, particularly in carboxylic acids, organic oxygen compounds, glycerophospholipids, and fatty acyl derivatives (p < 0.05). Post-challenge, levels of pro-inflammatory metabolites were significantly lower in probiotic groups compared to controls. Microbial network analysis showed increased community modularity and stability in treated fish, with key shifts toward dominant genera such as Plesiomonas. These findings demonstrate that L. plantarum and B. subtilis effectively modulate host gut microbiota, reshape systemic metabolite profiles, and enhance immune resilience against bacterial infection. The observed microbiota-metabolome interactions underline the potential of these probiotics as functional feed additives for promoting fish health. The study provides mechanistic insights supporting the broader application of probiotic interventions in aquaculture and functional food development.
在本研究中，将植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及其1:1混合物引入到大口黑鲈的水产养殖系统中，持续42天。随后，进行了嗜水气单胞菌的攻毒试验。目的是评估这些益生菌的免疫调节和微生物群调节作用，重点关注感染前后处理组与对照组的肠道微生物组成和血清代谢组变化。结果显示，益生菌处理的鱼肠道中嗜水气单胞菌的相对丰度显著降低（p < 0.05）。组织学观察表明处理组的肠道完整性得到改善。代谢组学分析确定血清化合物有显著变化，特别是羧酸、有机氧化合物、甘油磷脂和脂肪酰衍生物（p < 0.05）。攻毒后，益生菌组的促炎代谢物水平显著低于对照组。微生物网络分析显示处理后的鱼群落模块性和稳定性增加，关键转变为向诸如邻单胞菌等优势属转变。这些发现表明，植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌可有效调节宿主肠道微生物群，重塑全身代谢物谱，并增强对细菌感染的免疫恢复力。观察到的微生物群-代谢组相互作用突显了这些益生菌作为促进鱼类健康的功能性饲料添加剂的潜力。该研究提供了支持益生菌干预在水产养殖和功能性食品开发中更广泛应用的机制见解。
