Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Feb 1;754:141867. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141867. Epub 2020 Aug 21.
Ammonia and thermal stress frequently have harmful effects on aquatic animals. The intestine is an important barrier allowing the body to defend against stress. In this study, we investigated the intestinal microbiota and transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of Litopenaeus vannamei subjected to individual and combined ammonia and thermal stress. The results showed that obvious variation in the intestinal microbiota was observed after stress exposure, with increased levels of Firmicutes and decreased levels of Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes. Several genera of putatively beneficial bacteria (Demequina, Weissella and Bacteroides) were abundant, while Formosa, Kriegella, Ruegeria, Rhodopirellula and Lutimonas were decreased; pathogenic bacteria of the genus Vibrio were increased under individual stress but decreased under combined stress. The intestinal transcriptome revealed several immune-related differentially expressed genes associated with the peritrophic membrane and antimicrobial processes in contrasting accessions. Haemolymph metabolomic analysis showed that stress exposure disturbed the metabolic processes of the shrimp, especially amino acid metabolism. This study provides insight into the underlying mechanisms associated with the intestinal microbiota, immunity and metabolism of L.vannamei in response to ammonia and thermal stress; ten stress-related metabolite markers were identified, including L-lactic acid, gulonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, l-lysine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, trans-cinnamate, N-acetylserotonin, adenine, and dihydrouracil.
氨和热应激常常对水生动物产生有害影响。肠道是机体抵御应激的重要屏障。本研究探讨了凡纳滨对虾在单独和联合氨及热应激下肠道微生物群、转录组和代谢组的响应。结果表明，应激暴露后肠道微生物群发生明显变化，厚壁菌门丰度增加，拟杆菌门和浮霉菌门丰度降低。一些具有潜在有益作用的细菌（Demequina、Weissella 和 Bacteroides）丰度增加，而 Formosa、Kriegella、Ruegeria、Rhodopirellula 和 Lutimonas 丰度降低；单独应激下弧菌属的致病性细菌增加，而联合应激下减少。肠道转录组揭示了几种与围食膜和抗菌过程相关的免疫相关差异表达基因。血淋巴代谢组学分析表明，应激暴露扰乱了虾的代谢过程，特别是氨基酸代谢。本研究深入了解了凡纳滨对虾肠道微生物群、免疫和代谢对氨和热应激的响应的潜在机制；鉴定了 10 种与应激相关的代谢标志物，包括 L-乳酸、古洛糖酸、二十二碳六烯酸、L-赖氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、甲基丙二酸、反式肉桂酸、N-乙酰血清素、腺嘌呤和二氢尿嘧啶。
