Pharmacological evaluation of levofloxacin residue depletion and hemato-biochemical alterations in broiler chickens using a validated HPLC method.

The extensive use of antibiotics in poultry farming has raised significant concerns regarding drug residues in edible tissues and their implications for public health. This study investigates the withdrawal period and physiological effects of levofloxacin following intramuscular administration in broiler chickens. Forty healthy male broilers were divided into four groups to receive levofloxacin at 10 mg/kg body weight for four consecutive days, with sampling performed at days 5, 7, and 9 post-treatment. Residues of levofloxacin in liver, kidney, and breast muscle were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hematological and biochemical parameters were also evaluated, including liver and kidney function markers and antioxidant enzymes. The results revealed a significant presence of levofloxacin residues in all tissues on days 5 and 7, with levels falling below maximum residue limits by day 9. Hematological analysis showed temporary alterations in red and white blood cell counts, while biochemical tests indicated transient elevations in liver enzymes and oxidative stress markers, which normalized by day 9. These findings highlight the importance of observing an adequate withdrawal period to ensure food safety and support the recommendation that broiler tissues are safe for human consumption nine days after the last dose of levofloxacin. All animal procedures were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University (Approval No. FPDU14/2024) and followed the ARRIVE guidelines. The findings provide practical guidance for poultry farmers to ensure compliance with food safety regulations and withdrawal periods.