Htet Thaw, Cheng Florence, Yang Uhjin, Harikrishna Athulya, Preda Veronica, Chen Juliana
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Sep 2;13(17):2201. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13172201.
: The aim of this systematic review was to compare the impact of various dietary patterns on cancer mortality, recurrence, remission, quality of life, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in non-metastatic prostate cancer patients. : Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Scopus databaseswere searched from inception to March 2024. Dietary interventions or observational studies investigating dietary patterns in men with non-metastatic prostate cancer with at least one primary outcome related to mortality, recurrence, remission, quality of life or PSA/PSA doubling time were included. Two independent reviewers conducted article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. : Sixteen eligible articles were included. Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was linked to lower overall mortality and increased quality of life and adherence to a Prudent diet was associated with both lower overall and cancer-specific mortality risk. A plant-based dietary pattern is associated with increased quality of life. Contrastingly, a Western diet was associated with a higher cancer-specific mortality and overall mortality and high-inflammatory, hyperinsulinaemic, and insulin-resistant diets with increased recurrence. : Despite the heterogeneity and inconsistencies of PCa literature, there is fair evidence that suggests unprocessed foods with healthier dietary patterns of Mediterranean and prudent diets confer a beneficial effect on overall and cancer-specific mortality, recurrence, and quality of life whereas, a more Western and unhealthier diet generates the opposite. The increased risk of bias prevents conclusive interpretation of these results and, hence, detracts from its clinical implementation. Future research should focus on increasing sample sizes and robustness and standardisation in study design.
本系统评价的目的是比较不同饮食模式对非转移性前列腺癌患者癌症死亡率、复发率、缓解率、生活质量和前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）的影响。检索了Ovid Medline、EMBASE、Cochrane对照试验中央登记库（CENTRAL）和Scopus数据库，检索时间从建库至2024年3月。纳入了对非转移性前列腺癌男性的饮食模式进行研究的饮食干预或观察性研究，这些研究至少有一项与死亡率、复发率、缓解率、生活质量或PSA/PSA加倍时间相关的主要结局。两名独立评审员进行文章筛选、数据提取和质量评估。共纳入16篇符合条件的文章。坚持地中海饮食模式与较低的总死亡率和较高的生活质量相关，坚持谨慎饮食与较低的总死亡率和癌症特异性死亡率风险均相关。以植物为基础的饮食模式与生活质量提高相关。相反，西方饮食与较高的癌症特异性死亡率和总死亡率相关，高炎症、高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗饮食与复发增加相关。尽管前列腺癌文献存在异质性和不一致性，但有充分证据表明，采用地中海和谨慎饮食等更健康饮食模式的未加工食品对总死亡率和癌症特异性死亡率、复发率和生活质量具有有益影响，而更西方化和不健康的饮食则产生相反效果。偏倚风险增加妨碍了对这些结果的确定性解释，因此不利于其临床应用。未来的研究应侧重于增加样本量以及提高研究设计的稳健性和标准化程度。
