Clinical Decision Support Systems in Indian Healthcare Settings: Benefits, Barriers, and Future Implications.

India's vast and diverse population presents significant healthcare challenges owing to its scale, heterogeneity, and rapid growth. The Indian healthcare system, spanning the public, private, and non-profit sectors, shows marked inter-state variation in health indicators. Persistent gaps include variable quality of service, fragmented data, and uneven access to affordable care. Health information technology (HIT), particularly clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) integrated with electronic health records (EHRs), offers a path to more consistent evidence-based decisions. When implemented effectively, CDSSs can improve patient outcomes, reduce medical errors, and enhance quality through support for diagnosis, treatment, patient management, and prevention. Although India is rapidly adopting digital health tools, CDSS uptake remains limited because of infrastructure constraints, low awareness, data quality issues, integration challenges with EHRs, professional resistance, and insufficient training. Strategic action is required to overcome these barriers. Priorities include investment in robust IT infrastructure, comprehensive training programs, and public awareness initiatives, along with tighter integration of CDSSs with EHR platforms. With coordinated efforts by government agencies, healthcare institutions, and technology providers to address these barriers, India can leverage CDSSs to improve patient care and outcomes.